<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> infection in captive Neotropical primates in the Brazilian Amazon

Bahia, Michele; Barros, Fabrício José Brito; Magalhães-Matos, Paulo César; Gonçalves, Thamirys de Souza; Neto, Laérzio Chiesorin; Faria, Diogo C. L. O.; Romeiro, Sandra Aparecida; Monteiro, Frederico Ozanan Barros; Góes-Cavalcante, Gustavo; Scofield, Alessandra

doi:10.1002/ajp.22590

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Trypanosoma cruzi infections are common in free‐living and captive primates of several species, with infection rates up to 83% (Bahia et al., ; Lisboa, Dietz, Baker, Russel, & Jansen, ; Lisboa et al, ; Ziccardi & Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira, ). Triatomine colonization was reported in the Rio de Janeiro Primatology Center (Lisboa et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosomatid infections in captive wild mammals and potential vectors at the Brasilia Zoo, Federal District, Brazil

Reis

Minuzzi-Souza

Neiva

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Conservation projects in zoos may involve translocation of captive animals, which may lead to pathogen spread. Neotropical mammals are important hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. the etiological agents of Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis respectively. Studies of trypanosomatid-infected mammals and vectors (triatomines and sandflies) in zoos are important for the establishment of surveillance and control measures.Objectives: We investigated trypanosomatid infections in captive wild mammals, triatomines and sandflies at the Brasília Zoo. Methods:We collected triatomines during active bimonthly surveys, sampled sandflies using light-traps and obtained blood samples from 74 mammals between 2016 and 2017. We used quantitative PCR to detect trypanosomatids in vectors and mammals. Results:We found a colony of 19 Panstrongylus megistus in the porcupine unit and detected T. cruzi infections in five bugs. We captured 17 sandflies of four speciesincluding Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia longipalpis, but no Leishmania infection was detected. qPCR detected 50 T. cruzi-infected mammals belonging to 24 species and five groups of mammals (Carnivora, Cetartiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Pilosa and Primates); Leishmania DNA was detected in 23 mammals from 15 species, mainly carnivores. We detected trypanosomatid infections in 11 mammals born at the Brasília Zoo. Conclusions:Our results suggest vector-borne transmission of T. cruzi among maned wolves; measures to reduce the risk of new infections should therefore be taken. We also report sandfly presence and Leishmania-infected mammals at the Brasília Zoo. Translocation of wild mammals in and out of the Brasília Zoo should consider the risk of T. cruzi and Leishmania spread. K E Y W O R D S Conservation, Leishmania, Translocation, Trypanosoma, Zoonosis | 249 REIS Et al.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosomatid infections in captive wild mammals and potential vectors at the Brasilia Zoo, Federal District, Brazil

Reis

Minuzzi-Souza

Neiva

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…According to Aysanoa et al [22], prevalence was higher in free-ranging NHPs than in captive NHPs [23]. Some species such as Trypanosoma cruzi are common among NHPs' trypanosomes and can cause myocarditis, haemorrhage, and encephalitis to NHPs [24][25][26]. In addition to Trypanosoma cruzi, NHPs can be infected by 12 more species (Appendix A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes and Absence of Babesia sp. DNA in Faeces of Non-Human Primates in the Ecuadorian Amazon

et al. 2022

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Trypanosomes are a group of pathogens distributed in the continents of Africa, America, Asia and Europe, and they affect all vertebrates including the neotropical primate group. Information about the trypanosome’s diversity, phylogeny, ecology and pathology in non-human primates (NHPs) from the neotropical region is scarce. The objective of the study was to identify Trypanosoma and Babesia molecularly in NHPs under the phylogenetic species concept. We extracted DNA from a total of 76 faecal samples collected between 2019 and 2021, from a total of 11 non-human primate species of which 46 are from captive NHPs and 30 are free-living NHPs in the Western Amazon region of Ecuador. We did not detect DNA of Babesia sp. by polymerase chain reaction test in any of the faecal samples. However, the nested-PCR-based method revealed Trypanosoma parasites by ITS gene amplification in two faecal samples; one for the species Leontocebus lagonotus (from the captive population) and a second one for Cebus albifrons (from the free-ranging population). Maximum parsimony and likelihood methods with the Kimura2+G+I model inferred the evolutionary history of the two records, which showed an evolutionary relationship with the genus Trypanosoma. Two sequences are monophyletic with Trypanosoma. However, the number of sequences available in GenBank for their species identification is limited. The two samples present different molecular identifications and evolutionary origins in the tree topology. We are most likely referring to two different species, and two different localities of infection. We suggest that health management protocols should be implemented to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as Trypanosoma sp. among captive populations. In addition, these protocols also protect the personnel of wildlife rehabilitation centers working in close proximity to NHPs and vice versa.

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“…Zoological parks built in wild environments provide alternatives allowing researchers to study many aspects of wildlife, from the behavior of the animals to their susceptibility to diseases. Non-human primates, both free-living and captive, are naturally susceptible to various trypanosomes (Lisboa et al, 2004;Minuzzi-Souza et al, 2016;Bahia et al, 2017). In this context, we studied the presence of Trypanosoma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRYPANOSOMA spp. in captive primates in a brazilian zoo

et al. 2021

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Captive animals, despite the constant care provided, are susceptible to infections from different sources. We herein report the natural trypanosome infection of 11 (28.2% positive) out of 39 non-human primates from 13 different species, in a Brazilian zoological park. Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) ruled out Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. However, sequencing performed with positive samples employing hsp70 primers revealed similarities from 86% to 88% to diverse trypanosomes, including T. cruzi, Trypanosoma grayi, Trypanosoma lewisi, Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma vivax. We believe that the low similarity values obtained by sequencing reflect the difficulties in the molecular identification of trypanosomes, which share a large portion of their genetic material; this similarity may also preclude the diagnosis of co-infection by more than one trypanosome species. Thus, our study demonstrates the presence of diverse trypanosomes in primates, which are susceptible to infection by these parasites. Mechanical devices such as windows and bed nets, etc., are required to avoid vector insects in these environments, in addition to preventive quarantining of animals recently introduced into zoos. Therefore, investigation of the parasites in both the animals already residing in the zoo and those being introduced is of paramount importance, although no easy task. KEY WORDS: Non-human primates; monkey; diagnosis; trypanosomes.

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Trypanosoma cruzi infection in captive Neotropical primates in the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Trypanosomatid infections in captive wild mammals and potential vectors at the Brasilia Zoo, Federal District, Brazil

Trypanosomatid infections in captive wild mammals and potential vectors at the Brasilia Zoo, Federal District, Brazil

First Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes and Absence of Babesia sp. DNA in Faeces of Non-Human Primates in the Ecuadorian Amazon

TRYPANOSOMA spp. in captive primates in a brazilian zoo

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