Zanthoxylum alkylamides improve amino acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats

Abstract

To investigate the effect of Zanthoxylum alkylamides (ZA) on amino acid metabolism of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the present study was performed with T2DM rats model induced with high fat and sugar fodder combined with low-dose of streptozotocin. ZA were fed to rats at three different doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg for 28 days and metformin was fed to rats at 135 mg/kg as positive control. The results showed that compared with the normal control, the amino acid levels and the expression of related carrier genes were disordered in T2DM rats. Compared with the model, different doses of ZA could significantly resist (p < .05) the decrease in body weight of T2DM rats and improve hyperglycemia, with the best result observed with the high dose (8 mg/kg). Different doses of ZA could ameliorate the levels of 19 kinds of amino acid in the plasma, jejunum, liver, and skeletal muscle of T2DM rats by regulating the expression of related amino acid transporters including LAT1, SNAT2, CAT1, et al. to thereby ameliorating amino acid metabolism disorder in T2DM rats. Practical applications Previous studies showed that Zanthoxylum alkylamides (ZA) could promote the amino acid metabolism in the jejunum of healthy SD rats, improve protein metabolism disorder of type 1 diabetic rats, and also reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in fat rats model. Herein, we investigated the effect of ZA on amino acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The results indicated that ZA could remarkably improve the abnormal expression of amino acid carriers in the jejunum, liver, and skeletal muscle, thereby ameliorating the disorder of amino acid metabolism in the plasma, jejunum, liver, and skeletal muscle of T2DM rats. Therefore, ZA are potential antidiabetic food/medicine product for the T2DM treatment.

Oligosaccharides derived from Lycium barbarum ameliorate glycolipid metabolism and modulate the gut microbiota community and the faecal metabolites in a type 2 diabetes mouse model: metabolomic bioinformatic analysis

“…Lowering FBG values in diabetic patients has become an important parameter in evaluating various hypoglycemic drugs. 82 In addition, T2D caused by HFD also increases the risk of major tissue integrity damage and inflammation in the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine. In this study, taking FBG as the primary analysis object, LBO effectively improved the blood glucose of T2D mice.…”

Hypoglycemic effect of the polysaccharides fromAstragalus membranaceuson type 2 diabetic mice based on the “gut microbiota–mucosal barrier”

“…Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated by the following formula: (FBG × FINS)/22.5 (FBG: mmol L −1 , FINS: μU mL −1 ). 25…”

“…In the middle and late stages of diabetes, pancreatic islets suffer damage to varying degrees, and pancreatic β cells undergo apoptosis or decrease. 25 In this study, STZ mainly plays the role of killing pancreatic β cells. Therefore, the effect of APP on the pancreas was investigated.…”

The Structure and Function of Alkamides in Mammalian Systems

“…Additionally, alkamides from Zanthoxylum were found to cause activation of the mTOR pathway in diabetic rats and ameliorate their protein metabolism disorder [65,66]. Alkamides from the same plant also increased glucose metabolism preventing hyperglycemia and pancreatic dysfunction through modulation of the main enzymes regulating gluconeogenesis as well as improved amino acid metabolism [67,68].…”