ICSSR &amp; ICMR health for all: an alternative strategy

Rao, Mohan; Mazumdar, Vina

doi:10.4324/9781351238762-25

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The type-form is reported to be an efficient urban vector responsible for urban malaria in the Indian subcontinent [ 11 ]. The type - form specimens were found to develop mainly in overhead tanks, cemented tanks, domestic wells, cisterns, fountains and water collections at construction sites [ 34 – 36 ]. However, in contrary to the reports that the type-form is not prevalent in rural environments [ 11 ], the type-form found in Pesalai, Sri Lanka, has established its populations in a rural environment to lay eggs and undergo preimaginal development in domestic wells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype and biotype of invasive Anopheles stephensi in Mannar Island of Sri Lanka

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAnopheles stephensi, the major vector of urban malaria in India, was recently detected for the first time in Sri Lanka in Mannar Island on the northwestern coast. Since there are different biotypes of An. stephensi with different vector capacities in India, a study was undertaken to further characterise the genotype and biotype of An. stephensi in Mannar Island.MethodsMosquito larvae were collected in Pesalai village in Mannar and maintained in the insectary until adulthood. Adult An. stephensi were identified morphologically using published keys. Identified adult An. stephensi were molecularly characterized using two mitochondrial (cox1 and cytb) and one nuclear (ITS2) markers. Their PCR-amplified target fragments were sequenced and checked against available sequences in GenBank for phylogenetic analysis. The average spiracular and thoracic lengths and the spiracular index were determined to identify biotypes based on corresponding indices for Indian An. stephensi.ResultsAll DNA sequences for the Mannar samples matched reported sequences for An. stephensi from the Middle East and India. However, a single nucleotide variation in the cox1 sequence suggested an amino acid change from valine to methionine in the cox1 protein in Sri Lankan An. stephensi. Morphological data was consistent with the presence of the Indian urban vector An. stephensi type-form in Sri Lanka.ConclusionsThe present study provides a more detailed molecular characterization of An. stephensi and suggests the presence of the type-form of the vector for the first time in Sri Lanka. The single mutation in the cox1 gene may be indicative of a founder effect causing the initial diversification of An. stephensi in Sri Lanka from the Indian form. The distribution of the potent urban vector An. stephensi type-form needs to be established by studies throughout the island as its spread adds to the challenge of maintaining the country’s malaria-free status.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2601-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype and biotype of invasive Anopheles stephensi in Mannar Island of Sri Lanka

et al. 2018

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“…culicifacies s.l. was studied in India ( 13 ). The abundance, prevalence, biting and vector potential of An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bionomics of Anopheles culicifacies Sensu Lato in two Malaria Endemic Districts of Central Gujarat, India

Baharia¹,

Kaur²,

Sindhania³

et al. 2023

JAD

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Background: Gujarat State has been witnessing large scale urbanization, in last two decades, resulting changes in local environment and microclimate may have also influenced the resting, feeding habits and development of Anopheles culicifacies sensu 1ato. Therefore, a systematic longitudinal study was undertaken to know the bionomics of An. culicifacies s.l. in present study. Methods: The study was conducted in four sentinel villages in Kheda and Panchmahal Districts. The mosquitoes resting indoors and outdoors were collected in early morning hours, using mouth aspirator, pyrethrum space spray and light traps. Mosquito landing collections on human volunteers was carried out from dusk to dawn. Species composition, abundance, seasonal prevalence, resting behavior (Endophily and Exophily), sibling species composition, vector potential and insecticide susceptibility status of malaria vectors was studied. Results: Six Anopheles species were collected, An. subpictus s.l. was the predominant species followed by An. culicifacies s.l., a known malaria vector was resting indoor and zoophagic behaviour. Anopheles culicifacies, sibling species B (89%) was found. The sporozoite rate (%) and entomological inoculation rate in Kheda was 2.33%, 3.09 per bite/ person/annum and they were 1.05% and 0.475 bite/person/annum in Panchmahal, respectively. Anopheles culicifacies s.l. was found possible resistance to alpha-cypermethrin. Conclusion: Anopheles culicifacies s.l. showed endophillic, zoophagic behaviour and found possible resistance to alpha-cypermethrin. Early biting behaviour of An. culicifacies s.l. in this area is a cause of concern. Therefore, there is need for frequent monitoring and evaluation of vector control measures in order to achieve the elimination target of malaria in this area.

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“…Extensive studies have been carried out in different parts of the country and several books, articles, and reviews have been published (to mention a few: [10–13]). The objective of writing this review is to describe the biological characters and bionomics of major malaria vectors to highlight the changes that have occurred in the species prevalence and biological characters, as this information is important for planning vector control strategies.…”

Section: National Framework For Malaria Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fluviatilis predominantly rest indoors and bite indoors [10, 15–17]. Anopheles culicifacies is observed in high densities (per man-hour densities) and is predominantly a zoophilic species, and indoor-resting collections from cattle sheds are generally more than those from human dwellings [10, 17, 18]. In contrast, densities of An.…”

Section: Biology and Bionomics Of Major Malaria Vector Species And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anopheles sundaicus is now found only in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and was not reported from the mainland after its last report in 1974–75 from South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal [10]. Prior to its disappearance from mainland, this species was reported from Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal [10]. This is a species complex, and only one species, species D (cytotype D) was found in the islands [53, 54].…”

Section: Biology and Bionomics Of Major Malaria Vector Species And Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and bionomics of malaria vectors in India: existing information and what more needs to be known for strategizing elimination of malaria

Subbarao

Nanda

Rahi

et al. 2019

Malar J

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India has committed to eliminate malaria by 2030. The national framework for malaria elimination released by the Government of India plans to achieve this goal through strategic planning in a phased manner. Since vector control is a major component of disease management and vector elimination, it requires a thorough understanding of the biology and bionomics of malaria vectors exhibiting definite distribution patterns in diverse ecosystems in the country. Although a wealth of information is available on these aspects, lesser-known data are on biting time and rhythm, and the magnitude of outdoor transmission by the vectors which are crucial for effective implementation of the key vector control interventions. Most of the data available for the vector species are at sensu lato level, while the major vectors are species complexes and their members distinctly differ in biological characters. Furthermore, the persistent use of insecticides in indoor residual spray and long-lasting insecticidal nets has resulted in widespread resistance in vectors and changes in their behaviour. In this document, challenges in vector control in the Indian context have been identified and possible solutions to overcome the problem are suggested. Adequate addressing of the issues raised would greatly help make a deep dent in malaria transmission and consequently result in disease elimination within the targeted time frame.

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ICSSR & ICMR health for all: an alternative strategy

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Genotype and biotype of invasive Anopheles stephensi in Mannar Island of Sri Lanka

Genotype and biotype of invasive Anopheles stephensi in Mannar Island of Sri Lanka

Bionomics of Anopheles culicifacies Sensu Lato in two Malaria Endemic Districts of Central Gujarat, India

Biology and bionomics of malaria vectors in India: existing information and what more needs to be known for strategizing elimination of malaria

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