“…In other words, Internet access is strongly associated with lower poverty levels in all rural regions, and this observed effect is highly significant. In contrast to research arguing that ICTs do not have positive causal effects on poverty (Mansell, 2002;Sujarwoto and Tampubolon, 2016), our estimates match those of scholars who have found ICT access to have a positive influence on poverty reduction in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, including Mexico (Mariscal et al, 2016;Mushtaq and Bruneau, 2019;Risner and Gadhavi, 2015;Rodríguez and Sanchéz-Riofrío, 2017). Furthermore, as the work of Chávez and Sánchez (2013) demonstrates, we find that the Internet can be a beneficial tool in reducing poverty but, as we previously mentioned, these benefits must be accompanied by the acquisition of the necessary skills for the correct digital, social, and economic development of the rural population (Mansell, 2010;Moodley, 2005).…”