‘Iddah Dan Ihdad Bagi Wanita Karir

Abstract

The concept of ‘iddah and ihdad in Islamic jurisprudence that has been running so far requires women to shy away from the social interaction and the avoidance of activities that may attract the attention of men, such as preening, ornate, and so on. They are regarded to mediate the appearance of the prohibited wedding on the waiting period (‘iddah). It is very collide with the present fact about the career women which demand them to work hard, always look attractive, and keep the interaction with the opposite sex. These factors encourage them to have an outdoor activity to support their financial result and career. The clash between the concept of fiqh and the current condition of the career women becomes the object of the discussion. Consideration that can change the legal status of ‘iddah and ihdad when collides with the issue of career women is a consideration hajah and darurah. In addition, the legal settlement of the career women can be said to be more applicable, effective, and humane. This paper will examine about ‘iddah and ihdad for the career women through the lens of maqasid al-shari’ah so the concept of Islamic jurisprudence can still be applied in contemporary era without negating the rights of the individual and social. Abstrak: Konsep ‘iddah dan ihdad dalam fiqh yang telah dijalankan selama ini, mengharuskan wanita untuk menghindar dari interaksi sosial serta menghindar dari aktifitas yang dapat menarik perhatian laki-laki, semisal bersolek, berhias, dan sebagainya karena dianggap dapat menjadi perantara munculnya pernikahan pada masa ‘iddah yang hukumnya dilarang. Hal ini sangat berbenturan dengan fakta kekinian tentang wanita karir yang menuntut wanita bekerja ekstra untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup yang mengharuskan wanita ini untuk selalu berpenampilan menarik serta menjaga interaksi dengan siapapun termasuk lawan jenis sehingga tertuntut untuk selalu beraktifitas keluar rumah, hal ini ditujukan untuk menunjang hasil finansial dan karirnya. Dua fakta mengenai benturan konsep fiqh dengan kondisi kekinian yang dalam hal ini adalah wanita karir, menjadi objek pembahasan yang menarik untuk kemudian dicarikan solusinya. Pertimbangan yang dapat merubah hukum ‘iddah dan ihdad ketika berbenturan dengan masalah wanita karir adalah pertimbangan hajat dan d}arurat mengingat efektifitas hajat dan d}arurat sehingga penyelesaian hukum ‘iddah dan ihdad bagi wanita karir dapat dikatakan lebih aplikatif, efektif dan humanis untuk era kekinian dengan pertimbangan hajat dan darurat. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji tentang ‘Iddah dan Ihdad Bagi Wanita Karir melalui kacamata maqasid ash-Shari’ah sehingga konsep fiqh masih dapat diaplikasikan di era kekinian tanpa meniadakan hak-hak individu dan sosial.Kata Kunci: ‘Iddah, Ihdad, Wanita Karir

Yusuf Al-Qardhawi's Perspective of Ihdad and its Relevance to Career Women's Leave Rights in Bandar Lampung

“…The research results show that career women can improve the family economy, increasing welfare in the family and adding a sense of well-being and harmony. Susilo (2016), this research explains that the concepts of iddah and ihdad in Islam must be re-actualized. The reason is that this is contradictory in the current context, especially for career women in supporting their finances.…”

“…Before explaining how ihdad is in Yusuf Al-Qardhawi's view, the author must first explain the concept of ihdad from Salaf Fiqh's perspective. Ihdad consists of two words: ahadda-yuhiddu ihdad and hadda-yuhiddu-hidad, which means to prevent (al-man'u) (Susilo, 2016). Both words mean abandoning one's adornment (Al-Hanafi, n.d.).…”

Jasser Auda's Maqasid Sharia Application in the 'Iddah for Career Women

“…The thing that should be known and paid attention to is that divorce or raj'i divorce (talak 1 and 2) has not terminated the marriage in its true meaning. Therefore, women whose husbands have divorced during the 'iddah period, are still seen as husband and wife who have rights and obligations (Susilo, 2016) The rights and obligations of a wife who is in the period of 'iddah, especially divorce raj'i are as follows: 1) Prohibition of asking for a proposal by another man, either openly or sarcastically; 2) Prohibition from leaving the house according to the majority of fiqh scholars other than the Shafi'i school if there is no urgent need, such as to meet the needs of daily life; 3) She haas the right to be able to stay at her husband's house during the iddah period; 4) Women in the 'iddah talak raj'i, especially when they are pregnant, have the right to receive a living from their husband (Rohman Al-Jaziri, 1987); 5) The woman must be ihdah (T. Yanggo & Anshary, 2009) ('iddah of a woman whose husband died) that is, not using cosmetic tools to beautify herself for four months and ten days; 6) Women who are in the 'iddah talak raj'i are entitled to inherit from their husbands who died, (Ahmad Al-Qolimi, 2008) while a woman divorced three times is not entitled to it (Dibul Bigha, 1978). Islamic law has determined three prohibitions for women undergoing the 'iddah period.…”

Interaksi Wanita Iddah Melalui Media Sosial

“…Hukum Islam menegaskan segala hal yang senantiasa dihindari perempuan ketika masa iddah baik Iddah talak ataupun iddah wafat (Zuhaily, 2014b). Pada masa 'Iddah, seorang perempuan wajib menghindari hal-hal sebagai berikut (Susilo, 2016): a. Macam-macam secara terang-terangan ataupun secara personal, tetapi bagi perempuan yang menjalani Iddah karena kematian suami, pinangan dapat dilakukan dengan cara sindiran. b. Tidak boleh menikah kembali sampai tuntasnya masa Iddah.…”

“…Karier berasal dari kata pengembangan dan kemajuan dalam kehidupan pekerjaan, jabatan dan sebagainya, tetapi karier bisa diartikan sebagai pekerjaan yang memberi harapan untuk maju. ditengah zaman yang semakin moderen, perempuan tidak hanya bekerja didalam rumah sebagai ibu rumah tangga, kebanyakan perempuan dewasa ini kehidupannya menyamai laki-laki yang bidangnya fokus terhadap penataan karir-karir yang telah mereka diperoleh (Susilo, 2016).…”