Identification and assessment of pathogenicity of a naturally reassorted infectious bursal disease virus from Henan, China

Wang, Qiuxia; Hu, Huilong; Chen, Guangli; Liu, Hailin; Wang, Siyuan; Xia, Dasong; Yu, Yan; Zhang, Yanhong; Jiang, Jinqing; Ma, Jingyun; Xu, Yong; Zhang, Xu; Ou, Changbo; Liu, Xingyou

doi:10.3382/ps/pez498

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In the present study, we showed that the VP2 nucleotide sequence of Chen et al, 2012;Cui et al, 2013;Fan et al, 2019;Gao et al, 2007;He et al, 2014He et al, , 2016Hon et al, 2006;Hussain et al, 2019;Kasanga et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2015;Patel et al, 2016;Pikula et al, 2018Pikula et al, , 2020Raja et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2019;Wei et al, 2006Wei et al, , 2008. Natural reassortants between segment A of very virulent serotype I IBDV and segment B of serotype II were also reported (Jackwood et al, 2011;Soubies et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Reassortment, which serves as an important mechanism of virus evolution, contributes to generation of new‐type strains in viruses containing segmented genomes thereby leading to alteration of the viral pathogenicity. Since the first naturally occurred reassortant IBDV strain was reported (Le Nouen et al., 2006), an increasing number of reassortment strains among different phenotypes of serotype I IBDV strains have been reported, including very virulent and attenuated strains, very virulent and classic strains, very virulent and variant strains or intermediate and attenuated strains (Abed et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2012; Cui et al., 2013; Fan et al., 2019; Gao et al., 2007; He et al., 2014, 2016; Hon et al., 2006; Hussain et al., 2019; Kasanga et al., 2013; Lu et al., 2015; Patel et al., 2016; Pikula et al., 2018, 2020; Raja et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2019; Wei et al., 2006, 2008). Natural reassortants between segment A of very virulent serotype I IBDV and segment B of serotype II were also reported (Jackwood et al., 2011; Soubies et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the wide use of live vaccines promotes genetic variation of field circulating viruses due to high selection pressure, but the coexistence of different phenotypical strains in flocks enhances the possibility of reassortment and homologous recombination in IBDV. Research data on genome segment reassortment among different phenotypes of IBDV strains, including very virulent and attenuated strains, very virulent and classic strains and very virulent and variant strains, have been reported (Chen et al., 2012; Fan et al., 2019; Hussain et al., 2019; Nouen et al., 2006; Pikula et al., 2020; Thai et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2019; Wei et al., 2008). Several reports have shown homologous recombination in classic, very virulent, variant and attenuated strains of IBDV (He et al., 2009; Hon et al., 2008; Jackwood, 2012; Wu et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and pathogenicity of a naturally reassortant and recombinant infectious bursal disease virus in China

Feng

Zhu

Cui

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), an Avibirnavirus, is the pathogen of infectious bursal disease, which is a severely immunosuppressive disease in 3–15‐week‐old chickens. Different phenotypes of IBDV, including classical, variant, very virulent (vv) and attenuated IBDV, have been reported in many chicken‐rearing countries worldwide. Here, we isolated and identified a naturally reassortant and recombinant IBDV (designated GXB02) from 20‐day‐old chickens with clinicopathological changes of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Guangxi Province, China. Whole genomic sequencing showed that the strain GXB02 simultaneously has both reassortant and recombinant characteristics with segments A and B being derived from recombinant intermediate vaccine strain and classic strains of IBDV. Segment A of strain GXB02 was incorporated into the skeleton of an intermediate IBDV vaccine strain (W2512), where the breakpoints of two recombinant events located at nucleotide positions 1468 and 1648 were replaced by reassortant vvIBDV (PK2) and vvIBDV (D6948) of segment A, respectively. We used this GXB02 strain to inoculate 21‐day‐old specific‐pathogen‐free chickens to evaluate its pathogenicity. Strain GXB02 has clinicopathologic characteristics of IBD with severe bursal lesions, as evidenced by necrosis, depletion of lymphocytes, and follicle atrophy, indicating that reassortment with classical strains in segment B or/and recombination with very virulent strains increased pathogenicity of the strain GXB02 in chickens. These findings provide important insights into the genetic exchange between classic and attenuated strains of IBDV with two recombinant events occurring at the intermediate derivative segment A with vvIBDV strains, thereby increasing the difficulty of prevention and control of IBD due to novel reassortant–recombinant strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and pathogenicity of a naturally reassortant and recombinant infectious bursal disease virus in China

Feng

Zhu

Cui

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Our group and others have confirmed that the genomes of the wild-type IBDVs in chickens have been constantly changing and that multiple types of reassortant strains are prevalent in the field [7,[36][37][38][39][40][41]. The VP1 protein of IBDV has been confirmed to be involved in the efficiency of viral replication and modulates the virulence in vivo [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

The Full Region of N-Terminal in Polymerase of IBDV Plays an Important Role in Viral Replication and Pathogenicity: Either Partial Region or Single Amino Acid V4I Substitution Does Not Completely Lead to the Virus Attenuation to Three-Yellow Chickens

Wang

Huang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) has haunted the poultry industry with severe, prolonged immunosuppression of chickens when infected at an early age and can easily lead to other secondary infections. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms could lead to effective prevention and control of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Evidence suggests that the N-terminal domain of polymerase in segment B plays an important role, but it is not clear which part or residual is crucial for the pathogenicity. Using a reverse genetics technique, a molecular clone (rNN1172) of the parental vvIBDV strain NN1172 was generated, and its pathogenicity was found to be the same as the parental virus. Then, three recombinant chimeric viruses were rescued based on the rNN1172 and substituted with the counterparts in the N-terminal domain of the attenuated vaccine strain B87: the rNN1172-B87VP1a (substituting the full region of the 1–167 aa residuals), the rNN1172-B87VP1a∆4 (substituting the region of the 5–167 aa residuals), and the rNN1172-VP1∆4 (one single aa residual substitution V4I), to better explore the role of the N-terminal domain of polymerase on the viral pathogenicity. Interestingly, all these substitutions played different roles in the viral pathogenicity: the mortality of the rNN1172-B87VP1a-challenged chickens was significantly reduced from 30% to 0%. No obvious lesion was found in the histopathological examination, and the lowest viral genome copy number was also detected in the bursa when compared to the parental and two other recombinant viruses. The mortalities caused by rNN1172-B87VP1a∆4 and rNN1172-B87VP1∆4, respectively, were all reduced to 10% and had a delayed onset of death. Our results also revealed that the pathogenicity of the IBDV was consistent with the viral replication efficiency in vivo (bursae). This study demonstrated that the full region of the N-terminal of polymerase plays an important role in viral replication and pathogenicity, but the substitutions of its partial region or a single residual do not completely lead to the virus attenuation to Three-Yellow chickens, although that significantly reduces its pathogenicity.

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“…Virus isolation and purification were performed refer to the previous description ( Wang et al., 2019 ). Briefly, the homogenate suspension of bursal tissues in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium ( DMEM ) containing penicillin (100 U/mL) and streptomycin (100 μg/mL) was frozen and thawed 3 times, clarified by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 10 min and then filtrated using a 0.22-μm filter for sterilization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus in China

Lian

Wang

et al. 2022

Poultry Science

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Infectious bursal disease virus ( IBDV ) caused an acute and highly contagious infectious disease, resulting in considerable economic losses in the world poultry industry. Although this disease was well-controlled under the widely use of commercial vaccines, the novel variant IBDV strain emerged due to the highly immunized-selection pressure in the field, posting new threats to poultry industry. Here, we reported the epidemic and pathogenicity of IBDV in Hubei Province from May to August 2020. We isolated 12 IBDV strains from the broiler flocks, including 9 novel variants, 2 very virulent strains and 1 medium virulent strain. Interestingly, we identified a series of changes of amino acid sites in the VP2. Further analysis indicated that the novel variant IBDV strains caused damage to bursa of fabricius and spleen, leading to immunosuppression. Our findings underscore the importance of IBDV surveillance, and provide evidence for understanding the evolution of IBDV.

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Identification and assessment of pathogenicity of a naturally reassorted infectious bursal disease virus from Henan, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Characterization and pathogenicity of a naturally reassortant and recombinant infectious bursal disease virus in China

Characterization and pathogenicity of a naturally reassortant and recombinant infectious bursal disease virus in China

The Full Region of N-Terminal in Polymerase of IBDV Plays an Important Role in Viral Replication and Pathogenicity: Either Partial Region or Single Amino Acid V4I Substitution Does Not Completely Lead to the Virus Attenuation to Three-Yellow Chickens

Pathogenicity and molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus in China

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