Identification and evaluation of radiolysis products of irradiated chloramphenicol by HPLC-MS and HPLC-DAD

Abstract

SummaryThe radiolysis products of chloramphenicol under y-radiation sterilization were investigated systematically. Eight main radiolysis products were identified and quantified by HPLC-MS and HPLC-DAD, including I',,vo compounds never before reported. The minor radiolysis products were quantified, which shows that they are at concentration levels < threshold for identification. Carbon-carbon rupture reaction and oxidation reaction are proposed as the main radiolysis reactions of chloramphenicol powder. The applicability of y-sterilization for chloramphenicol products was evaluated quantitativelywith qualitative and quantitative data that were compared to the threshold requirements of international regulations for identification. It was concluded that toxicities of the radiolysis products of chloramphenicol produced by y-radiation sterilization can be neglected, the radiolysis products are safe for human health from the chemical view.

Radiostability of Florfenicol in the solid state

“…This mechanism of the degradation is similar to radiolytic degradation of chloramphenicol. One of the products of chloramphenicol radiolysis,identifiedbyHonget al 17 ischloramphenicolamine, whichthendecomposesto4-nitrobenzoicacid.Thepresenceof FF amine and 4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid in irradiated sampleswasconfirmedbyHPLC-MS. .The4-methylsulfonylbenzoicacidwasidentifiedusingnegativeionization(ESI)and theionofthedeprotonatedmolecule[M-H]hadm/z199.The identificationofalloftheremainingproductsofradiolysiswill be the subject of our next paper. 18 The results of the HPLC quantitativeanalysisallowedustoidentifycorrelationsbetween differentparameters.Alinearcorrelation(withr=0.9951)was foundbetweenthecontentofFFandthedoseofradiation,and also between the melting temperature and the sum of the radiolysis products (Fig.3).…”

“…HPLC and TLC turned out to be much more useful for allowing the products of radiolysis to be identified, separated and quantified. The two products of radiolysis that were identified were an aliphatic amine (florfenicolamine)andcarboxylicacid(4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid).Bothproductsarestructurallysimilartoproductsofthe radiolysis of chloramphenicol, 17 suggesting that the radiolytic decompositionofbothdrugsdependsneitheronthetypeofthe benzene ring substituent nor on the type of substituent on C-3 on the propan-1-ol chain, but follows the formation of the 1st order aliphatic amine in the 1st stage of the radiodegradation and carboxylic acid in the second. It is worth noting that the firststageoftheradiodegradationofbothdrugsisanalogousto theirmetabolism,i.e.bothchloramphenicolamineandflorfenicol amine are the main metabolites of those drugs, 1,27 eliminated fromthebodyintheformofglucuroniansandsulfates.…”

Ultra trace analysis of small molecule by label-free impedimetric immunosensor using multilayer modified electrode

“…For the HPLC-DAD technique, the analysis was operated on an Alltima HP C18 column, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 m (Alltech, USA). The conditions were 0.4 mL min −1 of mobile phase (80:20, acetonitrile:water) and a 20 L sample volume and a wavelength of 278 nm (Hong et al, 2002). Results from the two techniques were compared by the Wilcoxon signed rank test.…”