Identification of a bisegmented double-stranded RNA virus (picobirnavirus) in calf faeces

The Picobirnavirus: an Integrated View on its Biology, Epidemiology and Pathogenic Potential

“…Ludert et al found equal frequencies of the virus in samples collected from diarrheic and healthy pigs (10 vs 12.3%) [4]. Similar results were reported by Buzinaro et al who evaluated presence of PBV in calves with and without diarrhea (1.2 vs 0.5%, respectively) [45]. The authors suggest a lack of etiological relation between the viral excretion and the disease.…”

“…After being detected in the feces of children, PBVs were also found in feces of a wide variety of different animal hosts, including rats [39], hamsters [40], rabbits [41,42], dogs [43], cattle [44,45], foals [46], pigs [4,14,17,19,20,47], monkeys [48], giant anteaters [49], orangutans, armadillos [50] and snakes [39]. PBV was also detected in feces collected from birds, such as chickens [51,52], geese, rhea-of-darwin, emus, pheasants and pelicans [50].…”

Animal Picobirnavirus

“…Later, PBVs have been identified in faecal specimens of humans practically worldwide [3, 6, 7, 14, 26-29, 51, 55, 56, 61, 68, 76]. PBVs were also detected in faeces of a wide variety of farm mammals, birds, wild animals and birds kept in captivity, etc., viz., pigs [2,4,16,31,34,50,56,67], calves [10,15,35,53,54,61,77,79], rabbits and guinea pigs [25,43,52,65], bats [86], red fox [8], avian such as chickens & poults [1,49,59,69,73], and other wild animals kept in captivity like Giant Anteaters [45]; giant cats like Lion, Puma, Jaguar and Geoffroy's cat [37], sea lion [84], human primates such as Orangutan, wild birds such as American Ostrich, gloomy pheasant, Chinese goose [57], goat kids and lambs [60], donkeys [57,58], foals [9,30], laboratory non-human primates such as rhesus, pigtailed macaques and cynomolgus monkeys [83] and dogs [17,23,81], rats [23,64], snakes [23] and turkeys …”

Maintenance of picobirnavirus (PBV) infection in an adult orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and genetic diversity of excreted viral strains during a three-year period

“…After being reported in the year 1988 (Pereira et al, 1988b), PBVs have been detected in stools samples of several species of animals and from different countries, including rabbits (Gallimore et al, 1993;Ludert et al, 1995), dogs (Costa et al, 2004), cattle (Buzinaro et al, 2003;Malik et al, 2014;Vanpodenbosch and Wellemans, 1990), foals (Ganesh et al, 2011b), pigs (Bányai et al, 2008;Carruyo et al, 2008;Ganesh et al, 2012;Martínez et al, 2010), guinea pigs (Pereira et al, 1989), rats (Pereira et al, 1988a), monkeys (Wang et al, 2007), giant anteaters (Haga et al, 1999), orangutans, armadillos (Masachessi et al, 2007), Pantheraleo, Pantheraonca, Puma concolor, Oncifelis geoffroyi (Gillman et al, 2013), snakes (Fregolente et al, 2009), chickens (Tamehiro et al, 2003), geese, pheasants, pelicans (Masachessi et al, 2007) and humans (Gallimore et al, 1995;Ganesh et al, 2010Ganesh et al, , 2011aGiordano et al, 1998;Grohmann et al, 1993;Pereira et al, 1988b). PBVs have been detected in feces from animals with or without diarrhea (Bhattacharya et al, 2006(Bhattacharya et al, , 2007Gatti et al, 1989).…”