Identification of a novel VP4 genotype carried by a serotype G5 porcine rotavirus strain

Abstract

Rotavirus genome segment 4, encoding the spike outer capsid VP4 protein, of a porcine rotavirus (PoRV) strain, 134/04-15, identified in Italy was sequenced, and the predicted amino acid (aa) sequence was compared to those of all known VP4 (P) genotypes. The aa sequence of the full-length VP4 protein of the PoRV strain 134/04-15 showed aa identity values ranging from 59.7% (bovine strain KK3, P8[11]) to 86.09% (porcine strain A46, P[13]) with those of the remaining 25 P genotypes. Moreover, aa sequence analysis of the corresponding VP8* trypsin cleavage fragment revealed that the PoRV strain 134/04-15 shared low identity, ranging from 37.52% (bovine strain 993/83, P[17]) to 73.6% (porcine strain MDR-13, P[13]), with those of the remaining 25 P genotypes. Phylogenetic relationships showed that the VP4 of the PoRV strain 134/04-15 shares a common evolutionary origin with porcine P[13] and lapine P[22] rotavirus strains. Additional sequence analyses of the VP7, VP6, and NSP4 genes of the PoRV strain 134/04-15 revealed the highest VP7 aa identity (95.9%) to G5 porcine strains, a porcine-like VP6 within VP6 genogroup I, and a Wa-like (genotype B) NSP4, respectively. Altogether, these results indicate that the PoRV strain 134/04-15 should be considered as prototype of a new VP4 genotype, P[26], and provide further evidence for the vast genetic and antigenic diversity of group A rotaviruses.

Molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses in Bulgaria: annual shift of the predominant genotype

“…Unusual rotavirus strains, including G8P [4], G9P [9], and G12P [8], were detected in 0.5% of samples (4/781).…”

“…To date, 22 G and 30 P types have been reported in humans, mammals, and birds [4][5][6]. Among these, only 11 G serotypes/genotypes and 12 P serotypes and 15 P genotypes have been found in humans [7][8][9]. Although the ability of rotavirus genes to segregate independently upon dual infection could, in theory, lead to 132 G-P combinations, five G and P combinations, G1P [8], G2P [4], G3P [8], G4P [8], and G9P [8], are epidemiologically important in human infections [10,11].…”

“…However, geographical and temporal differences exist in the distribution of G and P types and their combinations: P [6] in association with G1, G2, G3, and G9 and G8 in combination with P [8] and P [6] have been shown to be the second most detected P and G type in India and some parts of the African continent, respectively [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Recent studies have reported the emergence of uncommon G or P types (G5, G6, G10, G11, G12, P [3], P [7], P [9], P [11], and many more) in different countries [10,11,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. These uncommon rotavirus G/P genotypes emerge in humans through zoonotic transmission, and reassortment with common human rotavirus strains can potentially lead to the emergence of a pandemic strain [23].…”

Human, porcine and bovine rotaviruses in Slovenia: evidence of interspecies transmission and genome reassortment

“…As both epitopes are important for host immunity, eliciting neutralizing antibodies, a dual classification system for rotaviruses is used. To date at least 15 G and 27 P genotypes have been characterized using molecular techniques (Estes, 2001;Hoshino et al, 2002;Khamrin et al, 2007;Liprandi et al, 2003;Martella et al, 2003Martella et al, , 2006aMartella et al, , 2007McNeal et al, 2005;Rahman et al, 2005;Rao et al, 2000;Steyer et al, 2007a). Some of these genotypes have been found only in certain animal species or in humans and appear to be host-restricted.…”

Hospitalization due to norovirus and genotypes of rotavirus in pediatric patients, state of Espírito Santo

“…The proteins VP4 and VP7 form external capsids and their respective genes classify group A RV in protease sensitive (P) and glycoprotein (G) genotypes, respectively. Until now, 27 P genotypes (Martella et al 2006) and 15 G genotypes have been described, 11 and ten of P and G, respectively, are . However, uncommon genotypes or combinations are described throughout the world as well as in Brazil (Leite et al 1996, Santos et al 1998, Pietruchinski et al 2006.…”