“…To solve the problem, the combination pretreatment methods are often used to eliminate various interferences in the spectra (Bian et al., 2020). PCA (Li et al., 2012), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) (SzabĂł et al., 2018), and Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (FLD) (Witjes et al., 2003; Yan et al., 2018) have been applied for the classification, while partial least squares (PLS), boosting partial least squares (Shao et al., 2010), and related robust techniques (Li et al., 2018; Li et al., 2020; Ma, Liu, et al., 2020; Ma, Pang, et al., 2020; Melssen et al., 2007) were used for the quantitative analysis. Multiple sets of data provide more useful and complementary information than a single set.…”