Identification of organic additives in rubber vulcanizates using mass spectrometry

Direct analysis of oligomeric tackifying resins in rubber compounds by automatic thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

“…3. According to previous reports, 10,11 in analysis of rubber compounds by mass spectrometry, different conditions and methods have been adopted, a time-temperature-resolved thermal desorption method, and selective extraction by various solvents. 12 Most of these early studies were designed to avoid or to reduce the complexity of the mass spectra or TICs.…”

Structural identification of extractables from rubber closures used for pre-filled semisolid drug applicator by chromatography, mass spectrometry, and organic synthesis

“…Drug manufacturers are expected to investigate the possibility of compounds leaching into drug products or the human body and determine any effects on the quality and/or safety of the products. Drug manufacturers are also expected to show due diligence to characterize and identify major leachables or extractables and evaluate the potential toxicity of those compounds [7][8][9][10][11]. In the event that a known toxic compound is found, it will be necessary to monitor its level with a validated analytical method.…”

Analysis of low-molar-mass materials in commercial rubber samples by Soxhlet and headspace extractions followed by GC–MS analysis

“…Different liquid-phase extraction techniques are nowadays available, and many of these have been used to extract compounds from polymers, such as polypropylene and polyethylene, and sometimes rubbers. The conventional methods include stirring [17,18], refluxing [5,19,20], Soxhlet [11,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27], and sonication [28]. More recently, accelerated-solvent extraction (ASE) [29][30][31] and microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) [32] have been introduced.…”