Identification of Paleoearthquakes and Coseismic Slips on a Normal Fault Using High-Precision Quantitative Morphology: Application to the Jiaocheng Fault in the Shanxi Rift, China

Zou, Junjie; Yokoyama, Yūsuke; Sproson, Adam D.; Shirahama, Yoshiki; Zhou, Yongsheng; Wei, Zhenyu; Shi, Feng; Geng, Shuang; Chevalier, Marie‐Luce

doi:10.2113/2021/2550879

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…They suggested that the rupture pattern along the Litang fault is a "rupture cycle model" and divided the Holocene events into 3 rupture In recent years, researchers have used micromorphology of bedrock fault surfaces to identify paleoearthquakes, because trenching methods are not applicable to bedrock. In this issue, Zou et al study the Jiaocheng fault in the Shanxi rift, dominated by extension [17]. Two bedrock fault surfaces are investigated in detail, at SXC and SLZ along the northern and central segments of the fault.…”

Section: Fault Slip Rates and Paleoseismologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Quaternary Tectonic Activity with High-Resolution Data in Space and Time

et al. 2022

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Large earthquakes are among the most dangerous natural disasters with potentially devastating effects on society and infrastructure across the globe. In order to better understand earthquakes, research in active tectonics aims at quantifying crustal deformation throughout the active fault’s earthquake cycles by studying geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence of recent and past earthquakes. The underlying assumption in this approach is that a fault’s current and previous seismic behavior is representative of its future behavior. Constraining a fault’s seismic behavior in such a manner requires high-resolution geomorphic and stratigraphic records that enable us to resolve the spatial and temporal characteristics of co-, post-, and interseismic phases, ideally over multiple earthquake cycles. Recent technological developments have dramatically increased not only the amount and resolution of topographic and geophysical survey data sets but also our ability to date stratigraphic units and geomorphic surfaces. These technological advances have enabled us to better understand the interplay between crustal deformation, earthquake ruptures, and their signature in geomorphic and stratigraphic records. In particular, the availability of high-resolution data sets from LiDAR, SfM, or geophysical surveys and the use of accurate dating methods such as cosmogenic or OSL dating allow us to quantitatively study surface deformation at high spatial resolution over large areas and at multiple time scales—from a few years to millions of years. In this special issue, we focus on the tectonic activity of active faults and the geomorphic processes in various tectonic regimes worldwide. It covers active tectonics, earthquake geology, remote sensing, tectonic geomorphology, Quaternary geochronology, geohazard, and seismology.

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Section: Fault Slip Rates and Paleoseismologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Quaternary Tectonic Activity with High-Resolution Data in Space and Time

et al. 2022

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A comparative study of bedrock fault scarps by s-UAV and t-LiDAR: Insights into site selection criteria for paleo-seismology studies

Zou

Yokoyama

et al. 2022

Geomorphology

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Quaternary Activity and Paleoearthquakes of the Fushan Fault, Shanxi, China

Yan,

Zhou,

Hao

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The AD 1209 M6.5 Fushan earthquake caused significant casualties and damage. The Fushan Fault, forming the boundary between the Linfen Faulted Basin and uplifted Taihang Mountains, may have been the seismogenic fault, but research is lacking. Based on UAV and field surveys, we found that the Fushan Fault has a surface exposure length of 24 km and displaces Holocene strata. Samples from offset layers within a trench showed that the most recent event occurred within the last 7 ka (i.e., Holocene activity) and that the fault has the potential to generate earthquakes exceeding magnitude 7. Since 17 ka (late Quaternary), two significant paleoearthquakes have been identified: (1) between 17 and 7 ka (displacement: 2.04 m, average slip: 0.2 mm/yr) and (2) within the last 7 ka (displacement: 3.93 m, average slip: 0.56 mm/yr). Since the Late Pleistocene, the displacement rate has increased, indicating an increasing potential seismic hazard. These results were confirmed by terrestrial LiDAR; the bedrock fault surface fractal dimensions are consistent with two paleoearthquake events since the late Quaternary (coseismic displacements of 2.51 and 3.18 m). This article uses an empirical formula to evaluate the potential maximum magnitude of the Fushan Fault based on the relationship between the distribution range of the fault surface and the magnitude. Therefore, the maximum assessed earthquake magnitudes of the Fushan Fault are Ms = 7.07, 6.94, and 7.31. This assessment result basically matches the strength of the 6.5 magnitude Fushan earthquake in 1209 AD. By comparing with historical records, our results confirm that the Fushan Fault was the seismogenic structure responsible for the AD 1209 M6.5 Fushan earthquake.

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Identification of Paleoearthquakes and Coseismic Slips on a Normal Fault Using High-Precision Quantitative Morphology: Application to the Jiaocheng Fault in the Shanxi Rift, China

Cited by 3 publications

References 70 publications

Resolving Quaternary Tectonic Activity with High-Resolution Data in Space and Time

Resolving Quaternary Tectonic Activity with High-Resolution Data in Space and Time

A comparative study of bedrock fault scarps by s-UAV and t-LiDAR: Insights into site selection criteria for paleo-seismology studies

Quaternary Activity and Paleoearthquakes of the Fushan Fault, Shanxi, China

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