Identification of risk factors affecting production of beekeeping farms and development of risk management strategies: A new approach

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to determine risk factors affecting production of beekeeping farms in Igdir province of Turkey and to develop strategies in coping with these risks. Research was based on data collected through a questionnaire applied to 85 beekeeping farms registered to Igdir Beekeepers' Union according to exact counting method. Factor analysis was applied to collected data to identify risk factors and risk management strategies. Factor analysis was conducted under principle component extraction method and VARIMAX rotation. A stepwise regression analysis was used to reveal the relationship between each of four strategy factors and eight risk factors. As risks in procuring labor occur, farmers are more likely to adopt modern agricultural techniques and risk management strategies, such as registering to a cooperative, product insurance, contract farming, and cooperating with public bodies. Unfavorable security conditions and lack of proper bookkeeping in farms are more likely to lead to adoption of careful production and investment planning. As enterprise conditions get better or external conditions get worse, protecting the investment through disease-prevention and better marketing through getting more market information becomes important. Thus, thirteen applicable strategies are determined in the study. As a result, the approach developed in this research could be suggested for beekeepers in selecting necessary strategies against possible risk factors defined here for sustainable honey production and more income.

Beekeeping in Brazil: A Bibliographic Review

“…Conclusions 09 Siqueira et al [19] The red propolis, collected in the region of Brejo Grande-SE, presents characteristics of identity and quality compatible with the parameters established by the Ministry of Agriculture and has proven effective against E. faecalis, being able, with more studies, to become a valuable endodontic treatment 10 Pimenta et al [20] The present study demonstrated that, although medications based on brown propolis with or without calcium hydroxide have limitations inherent to an in vitro study, they are effective against E. faecalis 11 Siqueira et al [21] The results of this study show that, similar to chlorhexidine, red propolis alcoholic extract has good fungistatic and fungicidal activity against most samples of Candida species. This antifungal activity may hold a promise for future applications as an alternative treatment for infections caused by these fungi.…”

“…The Management of beekeeping identifies measures against the specific risks in this activity is very important for increasing productivity, income, and production and promoting beekeeping [10]. In this context, a systematic bibliographical review was carried out in different electronic databases, through descriptors referring to beekeeping in Brazil.…”

“…In order for beekeeping to offer greater economic benefits to the producer, it is necessary to associate this activity with other agricultural activities. This activity requires relatively low investment and continuous cash flow for agricultural depots [10].…”

Table Olive Farmers’ Sources of Risk and Risk Management Strategies

“…Iqbal et al (2018) examined farmers' perceptions of risk sources in cotton production in Pakistan, finding that frequent changes to agricultural policies, farm equipment prices, and inefficiencies in farm cooperatives are primary constraints. Karadas and Birinci (2018) conducted a factor analysis to assess risk sources in bee farming that create financial risks, finding concern in the presence of biotic stressors and theft in Turkey. Thompson et al (2019) used a best-worst choice experiment among farmers to assess the importance of types of risk in large commercial U.S. farms, finding that production, market, and financial risks are of greater concern than are personal or legal risks.…”

Determinants of family entrepreneurship in the beekeeping sector

“…However, an important finding of this research was that beekeeping is considered a dangerous business that forces beekeepers to have a second job. Karadas and Birinci (2018) state that determination of factors adversely influencing apiculture and developing risk management strategies that identify measures against restraining risk factors are very important for the increase of productivity, income and production and promotion of apiculture. According to the respondents, bees are very delicate, and in case of any diseases, they can die leaving the beekeepers without income.…”