Identification of Sweet Cherry Cultivars (Prunus avium L.) and Analysis of Their Genetic Relationship Using Microsatellite DNA Fingerprinting

Abstract

<p>Genetic diversity of seven Turkish sweet cherry cultivars and eight commonly grown introduced cultivars were assessed using 23 microsatellite (SSR) markers. Among the markers, nine primers produced poly­morphic patterns resulting in 56 informative alleles. The mean number of alleles per locus was 5.4 while the mean similarity over the nine polymorphic loci averaged 0.463. UPGMA cluster analysis of the data separated cultivars and accessions into two main groups. The results demonstrated that Turkish sweet cherry cultivars have less genetic variation and more closely related to each other. These cultivars contained both Turkish germplasm as well as European and American germplasm in their pedigree. In the present study, same SSR primers were also used to clarify the genetic identity of registered cultivar, 0900Ziraat, which is highly grown in different nurseries all over Turkey but confusingly referred to under different name by local growers due to certain pomological and morphological differences observed among the trees. SSR analysis of seventeen individual tree samples from eight nurseries at different locations, have revealed no genetic variation among samples. The phenotypic variations among the trees were the most probably due to local adaptations to different locations and variations in rootstocks that were used in nurseries rather than the genetic variations among the 0900Ziraat cultivars<em>.</em></p

Molecular identification and genetic analysis of cherry cultivars using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence-labeled SSR markers

“…For the EMPaS01 and EMPaS02 primer pairs, the number of alleles was 13 and 12, while the heterozygosity was 0.5556 and 0.5714, respectively, which differed from the results of Vaughan and Russell (2004) where the number of alleles was 4 and 5, and heterozygosity was 0.75 and 0.81, respectively. This conflict in results could be due to differences in number of genotypes that were used and level of polyploidy (Turet-Sayar et al 2012). For EPPCU4092, allele frequency as high (0.7698), but genotype number (12), allele number (13), gene diversity (0.4011), heterozygosity (0.3810), and PIC (0.3937) were generally low.…”

“…Therefore, genetic analysis and identification of sweet cherry and its stock are of great significance for the production industry. It is difficult to accurately morphologically identify the clones of sweet cherry varieties during the seedling period (Struss et al 2001), and due to a lack of reliable early identification methods for sweet cherry varieties, both synonyms and homonyms are present in significant numbers (Turet-Sayar et al 2012) causing large losses in cherry production. In addition, the genetic relationships among cultivars are unclear.…”

“…SSRs, consisting of 1-6 nucleotides as repeating units, are widely distributed on chromosomes within the eukaryotic genomes (Smith 1994). SSR markers are the markers of choice in genetic diversity assessment, fingerprinting, and genotyping, due to their codominant Mendelian inheritance, high levels of polymorphism, and rapid and convenient detection (Turet-Sayar et al 2012). SSR markers have been applied to many kinds of plants, especially fruit tree species such as sweet cherry, peach, and apple (Wünsch and Hormaza 2004;Ercisli et al 2011).…”

Preliminary results of SSR based characterization of sour (Prunus cerasus L.) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genotypes cultivated in Hungary

“…With the minimum repeat length of 12 base-pairs they are tandemly repeated usually 5-20 times in the genome (Goodfellow 1992;Vaughan and Lloyd 2003;Ellegren 2004;Prajapati et al 2017). As a result of their quickness, simplicity, rich polymorphism and stability SSR markers are highly popular in genetic diversity analysis (Turkoglu et al 2013;Gürcan et al 2015;Batnini et al 2016), construction of fingerprints (Cantini et al 2001;Rojas et al 2008;Klabunde et al 2014;Turet-Sayar et al 2012;Ivanovych et al 2017), genetic purity test (Spann et al 2010), molecular map construction and gene mapping (Ogundiwin et al 2009;Olukolu et al 2009;Fan et al 2010;Pacheco et al 2014;Rowland et al 2014;Wang et al 2014;Eduardo et al 2015), utilization of heterosis, especially in the identification of species that are genetically related. Microsatellite markers have also been used in several studies to define conserved regions among related species (Decroocq et al 2003;Martínez-Gómez et al 2003;Maghuly and Laimer 2011;Alisoltani et al 2016) for both plants and animals genome mapping (Weising et al1998).…”

Genetic Differentiation and Population Structure of Threatened Prunus africana Kalm. in Western Cameroon Using Molecular Markers

“…The genetic diversity of P. persica showed polymorphic patterns amongst the cultivars [24], with some markers possibly linked to commercial characteristics, which could be useful to fruit growers and breeding programs [24,25]. SSR and AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) molecular markers proved useful and highly informative for grouping and identifying Prunus avium (sweet cherry), which show diverse genetic variation [26][27][28][29]. Six microsatellite loci (nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSRs)) initially characterized in P. avium were successfully transferred into P. africana [30][31][32][33].…”