Molecular identification and genetic analysis of cherry cultivars using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence-labeled SSR markers

Abstract

Molecular identification and genetic analysis of cherry are necessary for solving the problem of synonyms and homonyms that occur in cherry production. In this study, capillary electrophoresis with fluorescent-labeled simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers was used to identify 63 cherry cultivars (varieties and rootstocks) planted in Shaanxi province, China. A total of 146 alleles were amplified by 10 SSR primer pairs, ranging from 10 to 20 per locus (mean: 14); among the SSR primer pairs, genotype number ranged from 12 to 26 (mean: 18). The mean values of gene diversity, heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were 0.7549 (range 0.4011-0.8782), 0.5952 (range 0.3810-0.9683), and 0.7355 (range 0.3937-0.8697), respectively. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average cluster analysis was used to separate the cherry cultivars. A model-based structure analysis separated the cultivars into three populations, which was consistent with the results of a phylogenic and principal component analysis. Based on Bayes' rule, the cultivars were further subdivided into seven populations. Some of the 63 cherry cultivars that are often confused in production were distinguished, and DNA fingerprinting of cherry cultivars was established. This research will significantly assist in the identification of cherry cultivars at the molecular level.

Molecular identification of mung bean accessions (Vigna radiata L.) from Northeast China using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence‐labeled SSR markers

“…As one of the most popular molecular technologies, SSR markers have the advantages of high polymorphism, codominance, and good reproducibility compared with other technologies and thus play a significant role in genetic assessment (Cheng et al, 2011). Therefore, SSR have been widely applied for identification and diversity analysis in many crop species, including rice (Ahmed, Joel, Wariara, & Steven, 2018), soybean (Chakraborty, Patel, Parmar, Dhaduk, & Sasidharan, 2018), cotton (Bilwal, Vadodariya, & Rajkumar, 2017), and Ethiopian cowpea (Gupta & Gopalakrishna, 2010), and many other plant species, including cherry (Liang et al, 2018), sweet potato , and Populus deltoides (Liu et al, 2016). For mung bean, there have been some research reports on genetic diversity (Chontira, Akito, Norihiko, Duncan, & Peerasak, 2007), genetic linkage map construction (Liu, Liu, et al, 2017) and disease susceptibility (Akbar, Aslam, Atif, & Nawaz-Ul-Rehman, 2017), but SSR fingerprinting for identification has been rarely reported.…”

Spontaneous hybrids of Prunus fruticosa Pall. in Hungary

“…Based on personal observation under in situ conditions we described the morphological characteristics of those hybrid groups compared to the basic species (P. fruticosa f. fruticosa Borb.) and compared to the description found in literature (Borbás 1900;Kárpáti 1944;Krüssmann 1978). Observations on the habitat, environment, flowering (Koller et al 1996) and fruit set of the P. fruticosa taxa were made.…”

“…In Central-and East-Europe the native geographic area of P. fruitcosa overlaps with P. avium and P. mahaleb, which in certain years allows spontaneous crosses (Kárpáti 1944;Terpó 1974;Wojcicki 1991a;Hrotkó and Facsar 1996;Faust and Surányi 1997). As a possible hybrid P. 9 eminens Beck (P. cerasus 9 P. fruticosa) is first mentioned by Beck (1893), and later Krüssmann (1978) and Rehder (1990); described as upright shrub, 1-3 m high; leaves and flowers usually longer stalked, and somewhat larger than those of P. fruticosa, otherweise somewhat intermediate between the parents. Kárpáti (1944) found several habitats with specimens of similar hybrids but he disagreed with Beck's statement being no incidence of the female parent P. cerasus in the wide surroundings.…”

“…is a short shrub (height 0.3-1.0 m) classified into Section 3, Eucerasus by Rehder (1990). It occurs in flatlands with dry steppe vegetation, or in hilly regions in thickets on dry karst areas often associated with Prunus avium L. and Prunus mahaleb L. The ground cherry is native to Europe, Western Siberia, and Western China (Xinjiang), with high winter hardiness (USDA Zone 2) for various agroforestry use (Terpó 1974;Krüssmann 1978;Rehder 1990;Dzhangaliev et al 2003). As the shrub produces edible fruits, in certain countries in cold areas breeding projects targeted selection of varieties among hybrids for fruit production (Bors 2005).…”

“…It was first mentioned in the literature by Evlia Chelebi, a Turkish traveler in the seventeeenth century who described the strange, 0.4-0.5 m high cherry shrubs in the Buda Hills producing edible fruits (Surányi 1982). In several locations in Hungary the ground cherry occurs in thickets and open woodlands on dry slopes or on dry karst areas together with P. mahaleb (L.) and in neighboring forest areas P. avium (L.) Basic botany works describe P. fruticosa and their hybrids as rather divaricate species (Krüssmann 1978;Rehder 1990;Dzhangaliev et al 2003) but do not make distinctions between 0.2-0.5 m high shrubs and the 1-2 m tall shrubs or even higher, 2-3 m high small trees. Recent studies by Barac et al (2013Barac et al ( , 2017 and Macková et al (2017) confirmed this large morphological and genetic variability in Serbia and in Slovakia as well.…”