“…These factors may include but are not limited to, leadership, technology adoption, resources availability, culture (Irungu and Arasa, 2017), performance management and improvement (Resurreccion, 2012), strategic planning, sustainability (Khalifa, 2020) and customers integration strategies (Rao and Mohan, 2014). Moreover, it was proved that the organizations' competitiveness was improved by adopting/implementing systems/models/ methodologies/best practices (Almohtaseb et al, 2019;Arnaiz et al, 2022;Elsafty and Seddek, 2022;Wahyono, 2018). However, the implementation or adoption process is complex.…”