“…see the discussion in Aime et al, 2014), five sequences in the last 20 yr is not a large number. However, the fact that M. osmundae is known from Japan, Taiwan, and the US, and indirectly via environmental sequences from France and China (Mix, 1947;Zhang et al, 1997;Sugiyama & Katumoto, 2008;Cordier et al, 2012), shows a wide but infrequently encountered distribution. In both of the studies where Mixia sequences were produced, analyzed leaves were picked from the plants and no surface sterilization was performed before DNA extraction and amplification (Zhang et al, 1997;Cordier et al, 2012).…”