II. Hypoglykämie, Arbeitsfähigkeit und Ermüdung<sup>1</sup>

Christensen, E. Hohwü; Hansen, Ove

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1939.tb01321.x

Cited by 63 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…3). In the 1930s, Christensen & Hansen (1939) first reported the beneficial effects of consuming carbohydrates (CHO) during endurance exercise. However, TDF riders were neither aware of these pioneer findings nor of the need for replenishing pre‐exercise glycogen levels.…”

Section: Nutrition and Hydration In Tdf's Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tour de France: a physiological review

Lucı́a

Earnest

Arribas

2003

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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On 5 July 2003, the Tour de France (TDF) has celebrated 100th running. Instead of a chimney sweep competing during his free time (as in 1903), the recent winner is a highly trained, professional cyclist whose entire life-style has been dedicated to reach his pinnacle during this event. The TDF has been held successfully for 100 years, but the application of the physiologic sciences to the sport is a relatively recent phenomenon. Although some historical reports help to understand the unique physiological characteristics of this race, scientific studies were not available in Sports Science/Applied Physiology journals until the 1990s. The aim of this article is to review the history of the TDF. Special emphasis is placed on the last decade where classic physiology has been integrated into applied scientific cycling data.

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Section: Nutrition and Hydration In Tdf's Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tour de France: a physiological review

Lucı́a

Earnest

Arribas

2003

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Moreover, the significance of the contribution of absorbed glucose to the maintenance of blood sugar or for oxidative metabolism during prolonged exercise is unclear. Although glucose feedings have been shown to enhance endurance capacity under hypoglycemic conditions (7), there is some question as to the extent of exogenous carbohydrate use by highly trained exercising men (1,8). The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the fate of two glucose-IJ-'4C solutions (139 mM and 589 mM) ingested by trained cyclists after 2 h of a 3-h exercise task.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Fate of¹⁴C Glucose Ingested During Prolonged Exercise*

Handel¹,

Fink²,

Branam³

et al. 1980

Int J Sports Med

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“…THE ONSET OF FATIGUE DURING prolonged endurance exercise is associated with depletion of the body's muscle glycogen stores (1,18). For this reason there has been great interest over the years in nutritional means of increasing the supply of exogenous carbohydrate both before and during exercise (3,9,31,37,38). In contrast, there has been little research regarding dietary fat manipulation and the availability of fat both before and during exercise.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metabolic and performance responses during endurance exercise after high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals

Whitley

Humphreys

Campbell

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physiology

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We studied the effects of preexercise meal composition on metabolic and performance-related variables during endurance exercise. Eight well-trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake 65.0 to 83.5 ml . kg-1 . min-1) were studied on three occasions after an overnight fast. They were given isoenergetic meals containing carbohydrate (CHO), protein (P), and fat (F) in the following amounts (g/70 kg body wt): high-carbohydrate meal, 215 CHO, 26 P, 3 F; high-fat meal, 50 CHO, 14 P, 80 F. On the third occasion subjects were studied after an overnight fast. Four hours after consumption of the meal, subjects started exercise for 90 min at 70% of their maximal oxygen uptake, followed by a 10-km time trial. The high-carbohydrate meal compared with the high-fat meal resulted in significant decreases (P < 0.05) in blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, plasma glycerol, plasma chylomicron-triacylglycerol, and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during exercise. This was accompanied by an increase in plasma insulin (P < 0.01 vs. no meal), plasma epinephrine, and plasma growth hormone concentrations (each P < 0.05 vs. either of the other conditions) during exercise. Despite these large differences in substrate and hormone concentrations in plasma, substrate oxidation during the 90-min exercise period was similar in the three trials, and there were no differences in performance on the time trial. These results suggest that, although the availability of fatty acids and other substrates in plasma can be markedly altered by dietary means, the pattern of substrate oxidation during endurance exercise is remarkably resistant to alteration.

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II. Hypoglykämie, Arbeitsfähigkeit und Ermüdung¹

Cited by 63 publications

References 5 publications

The Tour de France: a physiological review

The Tour de France: a physiological review

Fate of¹⁴C Glucose Ingested During Prolonged Exercise*

Metabolic and performance responses during endurance exercise after high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals

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II. Hypoglykämie, Arbeitsfähigkeit und Ermüdung1

Cited by 63 publications

References 5 publications

The Tour de France: a physiological review

The Tour de France: a physiological review

Fate of14C Glucose Ingested During Prolonged Exercise*

Metabolic and performance responses during endurance exercise after high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals

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Product

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II. Hypoglykämie, Arbeitsfähigkeit und Ermüdung¹

Fate of¹⁴C Glucose Ingested During Prolonged Exercise*