İklim mi Hayvancılığı Yoksa Hayvancılık mı İklimi Etkiliyor?

Abstract

Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacı, iklim değişikliklerinin hayvancılık sektörüne ve hayvancılığın da iklim değişiklikleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmanın materyalini Türkiye'de 2018 yılı itibariyle sığır, manda, koyun, keçi ve kanatlılardan (broiler, yumurta tavuğu ve hindi) elde edilen hayvansal üretim miktarlarına ait (kırmızı et, süt, kanatlı eti ve yumurta) resmi veriler oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada çeşitli hayvansal üretim faaliyetleri sonucunda atmosfere salınan sera gazı miktarları karbondioksit eşdeğeri (CO 2e ) şeklinde hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, Türkiye'de hayvancılık kaynaklı 47,8 milyon ton CO 2e sera gazı salınımının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değer, Türkiye'deki toplam sera gazı salınımının %9'unu oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak; hayvancılığın yeryüzünde değişen iklimlerden en fazla etkilenecek sektörlerin başında geldiği, Türkiye gibi kırsal ekonomik yapısı ağır basan bir ülkede de hayvancılığın ve bu işle uğraşan üretici kesimin olumsuz etkileneceği aşikârdır. Bir taraftan bu olumsuzluğun giderilmeye çalışılması, diğer taraftan hayvancılık kaynaklı sera gazı salınımının azaltılması yönünde politika tedbirlerinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Hayvancılık, iklim değişikliği, metan gazı, sera etkisi Does Climate Effecting the Livestock or Livestock Effecting the Climate? Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of climate changes on livestock sector and livestock on climate changes. The material of study was official data of animal production quantities (red meat, milk, poultry meat and eggs) obtained from cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and poultry (broilers, laying hens and turkeys) for the year 2018. In the study, the amount of greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere as a result of various animal production activities has been calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2e ). According to the results, 47.8 million tons CO 2e of animal origin greenhouse gas emissions was determined in Turkey. This value constitutes 9% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in Turkey. In conclusion, livestock is one of the sectors that will be most affected by the changing climates on earth, it is obvious that livestock and the producers who are engaged in this field will be adversely affected in a country like Turkey which is rural structure outweighs. On one hand, it is necessary to eliminate this negativity and on the other hand, develop policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions sourced livestock.

Bibliometric analysis of publications on the effect of animal production on climate change from past to present

“…One of the industries most likely to be impacted by global climate change is livestock. In a country like Turkey, where the rural population outnumbers the urban, it is clear that both cattle and the producers who work in this sector will suffer (Sarıözkan and Küçükoflaz, 2020).…”

Effects of Climate Change on Sheep and Goat Breeding

“…Livestock sector in Turkey is the leading sector that is most affected by the global climate change due to the predomination of rural economic structure and industries based on developing livestock breeding. While the agricultural sector has a structure directly affected by the climate, especially in terms of plant production, animal breeding is indirectly affected by its intersectorial interaction with agriculture in terms of forage plant production (Sarıözkan and Küçükoflaz, 2020). Extreme events and seasonal fluctuations affect the welfare of the animals and cause a decline in yield and reproductive performance (Sejian et al, 2015).…”

“…As a result of this, it becomes increasingly difficult to secure the supply in animal feeding due to increased production costs, and product prices are rising, while the import of livestock and meat frequently comes to the fore in order to meet the increasing demand. It is expected that climate change will completely affect the animal production systems in the world and cause an increase in the current demand for animal products in the coming years (Koyuncu, 2017;Sarıözkan and Küçükoflaz, 2020). This study aims to reveal the effects of climate change on animal and especially sheep and goat breeding and to present suggestions that can be made in this field.…”