Illness Behavior: Prediction by Symptoms, the Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck Personality Types, Neuroticism, Life Events, Coping, Health Locus of Control, Social Support, and Attribution Style

Abstract

A study was carried out with 501 persons to analyze the predictive capacity of various psychosocial variables-symptom perception, neuroticism, Personality Types 2 and 4 of Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck, beliefs about health, social support, or certain coping styles-on two health-related behaviors: the frequency of visits to the doctor and self-medication. The results were analyzed by two structural equation models that revealed that some of the variables have direct effects on the behaviors, whereas other variables, such as attribution style, coping styles, or the impact of the stressors, have indirect effects via the reported symptoms or neuroticism. In addition, self-medication and the frequency of health service visits are independent of each other, which shows that their determinants are different. It is concluded that to address these factors in the two health indicators, it is also necessary to take in account the psychosocial variables considered herein. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio con 501 personas en el que se intenta analizar la capacidad predictiva de algunas variables psicosociales-la percepción de síntomas, el neuroticismo, los tipos de personalidad 2 y 4 de Grossarth-Maticek y Eysenck, las creencias sobre la salud, el apoyo social y algunos estilos de afrontamiento-sobre dos conductas relacionadas con la salud, la frecuencia de visitas al médico y la automedicación. Los resultados han sido analizados a través de dos modelos de ecuaciones estructurales que ponen de manifiesto que algunas de las variables predictoras tienen efectos directos sobre las conductas consideradas, mientras que otras lo hacen de manera indirecta a través de los síntomas informados o del neuroticismo. Además, la automedicación y la frecuencia de asistencia a los servicios de salud son independientes entre sí, lo que vendría a poner de manifiesto que los determinantes de ambas son distintas, como se comprueba en este trabajo. Se concluye que al abordar los factores implicados en estos dos indicadores de salud, es preciso también tener en cuenta las variables psicosociales aquí consideradas.

Predicting depression with temperament and character in lung cancer patients

“…Such self‐evaluating constructs are known to be dependent on patients’ personality (Hernández et al . ; Aukst Margetić et al . ) and have shown positive correlations with Neuroticism in several studies (Rossi Ferrario et al .…”

“…Well-known associations with smoking as a causal factor could lead to self-rapprochement and self-criticism (LoConte et al 2008), as well as shame and perceived stigma (Chapple et al 2004). Such self-evaluating constructs are known to be dependent on patients' personality (Hernández et al 2007;Aukst Margetić et al 2010) and have shown positive correlations with Neuroticism in several studies (Rossi Ferrario et al 2003;van der Steeg et al 2007). The construct of Neuroticism and trait anxiety have also been investigated in cancer patients and linked to cancer risk and survival (Weihs et al 2000;Hansen et al 2005;Nakaya et al 2005) and long-term quality of life (Härtl et al 2010).…”

Psychometric Qualities of Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (Mos-Sss)

“…Uchino et al (1999) suggested that social support promotes motivation for health behaviors. Similarly, Hernández et al (2007)…”

Enneagram typologies and healthy personality to psychosocial stress: A network approach

“…According to the Enneagram model, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in personality allows people to promote a higher degree of self-compassion and self-acceptance from a greater awareness of the psychological states of imbalance and balance of the most predominant typology; this can motivate individuals to free themselves from their maladaptive schemas, dysfunctional cycles, and limiting defensive styles (Hook et al, 2021). Some personality types have been reported, which use certain coping strategies in certain contexts, such as the Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck (Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck, 1990) model, which refers to the existence of six types of reactions to psychosocial stress that are associated with the presence of symptoms and health-related behaviors such as nutrition, physical exercise, self-medication, or frequency of visits to the doctor (Hernández et al, 2007). Specifically, of interest for the present study is type 4 (healthy personality), similar to type B personality (Shaw and Dimsdale, 2007).…”

“…It is important to consider this favorable measure for mental health and physical well-being, verified by the evidence of a higher prevalence of this positive personality to psychosocial stress in young adults in Spain, United States, Norway, and Peru (Sandin et al, 1992;Smedslund, 1995;Martínez-Correa and Reyes Del Paso, 2007;Condori, 2013;Taller, 2018;Núñez, 2020) in contrast to other personality factors with a greater tendency to symptoms of emotional distress and psychosomatic risk (Sandin et al, 1992;Hernández et al, 2007).…”