Imaging anisotropy using differential polarization laser scanning confocal microscopy

Thioflavine-T and Congo Red Reveal the Polymorphism of Insulin Amyloid Fibrils When Probed by Polarization-Resolved Fluorescence Microscopy

“…Confocal fluorescent anisotropy 17 investigations, as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) 18 , x-ray 19 and numerical simulations 20 , allowed to determine the orientation of the fluorophores with respect to the fibril, and it came out that CR and ThT bind perpendicularly to the beta-sheet, i. e., parallel to the 4 fibrils axis. Attempts to exploit the CR orientation in order to report the structural properties of amyloid have been reported using fluorescence detected linear dichroism imaging (FDLD) 21 .…”

Optical microscopy in photosynthesis

“…The linear and circular dichroism signal intensities are relatively small, therefore the fast modulation allows very sensitive detection, which was used to image individual chloroplasts with linear and circular dichroism as a contrast mechanism, revealing the chiral structure of the grana (Finzi et al 1989). The differential polarization technique was further elaborated by employing fluorescence detected linear and circular dichroism, anisotropy of fluorescence as well as the degree of polarization of fluorescence in a confocal microscope (Juang et al 1988;Gorjanacz et al 2006;Steinbach et al 2008Steinbach et al , 2009). …”

A large‐field polarisation‐resolved laser scanning microscope: applications to CARS imaging

“…PR laser‐scanning microscopy is a term that encompasses a broad range of laser‐scanning imaging techniques that share the ability to probe the sample properties by exploiting polarisation‐dependent effects and different signal‐generation processes, including single‐photon (Finzi & Bustamante, ; Steinbach et al ., ; Kress et al ., ) and two‐photon fluorescence (Gasecka et al ., ; Savoini et al ., ; Ferrand et al ., ), label‐free, second‐harmonic generation (Plotnikov et al ., ; Tiaho et al ., ; Gusachenko et al ., ; Duboisset et al ., ; Mazumder et al ., ), and sample absorption (Finzi & Bustamante, ; Gupta & Kornfield, ).…”

“…PR laser-scanning microscopy is a term that encompasses a broad range of laser-scanning imaging techniques that share the ability to probe the sample properties by exploiting polarisation-dependent effects and different signal-generation processes, including single-photon (Finzi & Bustamante, 1988;Steinbach et al, 2009;Kress et al, 2013) and two-photon fluorescence (Gasecka et al, 2009;Savoini et al, 2012;Ferrand et al, 2014), label-free, secondharmonic generation (Plotnikov et al, 2006;Tiaho et al, 2007;Gusachenko et al, 2010;Duboisset et al, 2012; Correspondence to: Vincenzo Piazza, Laboratorio NEST, Complesso San Silvestro, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy. Tel: +39-050-509495; fax: +39-050-509417; e-mail: vincenzo.piazza@iit.it Mazumder et al, 2012), and sample absorption (Finzi & Bustamante, 1988;Gupta & Kornfield, 1994).…”