Imaging of optic nerve head drusen with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope

Haynes, Richard; Manivannan, A.; Walker, S; Sharp, P.; Forrester, John V.

doi:10.1136/bjo.81.8.654

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…3 Other methods including autofluorescence and staining during the late phases of fundus fluorescein angiography, cranial computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy have been proposed to confirm diagnosis. [4][5][6] The pathogenesis of drusen formation still remains obscure, however a relationship between the axonal degeneration and abnormal axoplasmic flow in the retinal nerve fibers has been suggested. 7,8 RNFL evaluation in patients with ONHD is required since the patients with ONHD may have visual field defects that resemble glaucoma and the interpretation of the optic nerve head may be difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term follow-up of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with optic nerve head drusen

Ocakoğlu

Ustundag

Koyluoglu

et al. 2003

Current Eye Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term follow-up of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with optic nerve head drusen

Ocakoğlu

Ustundag

Koyluoglu

et al. 2003

Current Eye Research

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“…12 Retinitis pigmentoza, anjioid streaks, psödoksan-toma elastikum ve Alagille sendromu gibi kalı-tımsal geçişli hastalıklarla sık görüldüğü bildirilmiştir. 12,13 Oftalmoskopik muayenede görülebilen drusen "belirgin drusen" olarak adlandırılırken, olgumuzda olduğu gibi bulanık disk kenarları ve damarların anormal dallanması ile kendini göste-ren fakat görülemeyenler "gömülü drusen" olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Optik disk druseni erken yaş-larda disk yüzeyinin altında bulunduğundan oftalmoskop ile görülemez.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome and Optic Disc Drusen: Case Report

Doğan¹,

Bozkurt²,

Çelik³

et al. 2016

Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol

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A xenfeld, ilk kez 1920 yılında posterior embriyotoksonu tanımla-mıştır. Sonraki yıllarda Rieger'in bu tabloya ek iris anomalileri ve diğer göz dışı bulguları eklemesiyle Axenfeld-Rieger sendromu (ARS) olarak adlandırılan; temel bulgusu ön segment disgenezisi olan, klinik olarak heterojen bir tablo ortaya çıkmıştır. 1 ARS kraniofasiyal, dental ve oküler gelişimi içeren nöral krest hücre-lerinin anormal migrasyonu sonucu ön kamara, fasiyal kemikler, dişler ve kardiyovasküler sistemin gelişiminde bozulma ya da durma ile karakterize otozomal dominant bir hastalıktır. ARS'de periferik iris dokusundan Schwalbe hattına uzanan bantlar, iris stromasında incelme, atrofi, korek- A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Axenfeld-Rieger sendromu; optik disk druseni; glokom A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder stemming from abnormal development of neural crest cells which is characterized by anomalies of anterior segment like prominent Schwalbe's line, hypoplasia of the iris stroma, iris strands to Schwalbe's ring. Also additional ocular and extraocular anomalies can be found in these cases. Glaucoma is seen about half of the ARS cases in childhood or youth which is quite difficult to control and leads to optic nerve damage and vision loss. In this case report, we present a patient diagnosed as ARS with hypoplasia of the iris stroma, corectopia, iridocorneal angle anomalies and cardiovascular system anomalies who has optic disc drusen co-occurence of which has not been previously reported in the literature. Bu çalışmada, daha önce literatürde beraberliği gösterilmemiş olan, optik disk drusenli bir ARS olgusu sunulmuştur. OLGU SUNUMUSağ gözde sulanma ve az görme yakınması ile polikliniğimize getirilen 10 yaşındaki kadın olgunun görme keskinliği Snellen eşeli ile sağda 0,05, solda 1,0 düzeyinde idi. Göz içi basıncı (GİB) aplanasyon tonometrisi ile sağda 14, solda 15 mmHg idi. Sikloplejinli muayenede sağda +7,50 dioptri, solda +0,75 dioptri refraksiyon kusuru mevcut olan olgunun sağ gözdeki görme azlığı anizometropik ambliyopiye bağlandı.Olgunun yapılan biyomikroskobik muayenesinde sağ gözde iris stroma atrofisi, korektopi ve her iki gözde belirgin Schwalbe hattı mevcuttu (Resim 1). Kornea çapları sağ gözde horizontal ve vertikal 9,5 mm, sol gözde 10,5 mm olup, sağda mikrokornea mevcuttu. Gonyoskopik incelemede, her iki gözde 360 o öne yerleşimli Schwalbe hattı ve periferik iristen Schwalbe hattına uzanan bantlar olduğu görüldü.Fundus muayenesinde, sağ gözde vasküler tortiosite artışı ile birlikte optik sinir başında hafif silinme ve kabarıklık mevcuttu. B-mod ultrasonografisinde optik sinir başında akustik gölge veren yüksek yansımalı yapılar görülerek optik sinir başı druseni tanısı kondu (Resim 2).Olgunun anamnezinde anne ve babanın ikinci dereceden akraba olduğu ve olgunun yedi yıl önce Fallot tetralojisi nedeni ile opere edildiği öğrenildi. Eşlik eden diğer sistemik anomaliler açısından pediatri kliniğine yönlendirilen olguda diş anomalisi dışı...

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“…Longer wavelengths such as near infrared 830 nm are useful for indocyanine angiography,19 choroidal abnormalities such as naevi,20 imaging through lens opacities,21macular oedema and holes,22 and drusen 2324Freeman et al 25 reported simultaneous indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope.…”

Section: Multispectral Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser imaging of the retina

Sharp

Manivannan

Vieira

et al. 1999

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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The development of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), first conceived by Webb et al in 1980 1 heralded the first widespread application of lasers for retinal imaging. A highly collimated beam from a laser is swept over the retina delivering all its energy to a very small spot for a very short time, typically of the order of some tens of nanoseconds. Light reflected from the spot is detected and synchronously decoded to form an image on a monitor.The use of a laser in this way oVers a number of fundamental advantages for retinal imaging: + as the input laser beam occupies only a small part of the pupil most of the pupil is available for light collection permitting non-mydriatic imaging and levels of illumination that are a factor of 200 lower than with the fundus camera + there is no need to employ high intensity flash so rapid imaging can be carried out oVering the potential for serial imaging + since imaging is carried out point by point, data are readily acquired as digital images allowing quantitative measurements and image processing + since the detected light is focused at a single point confocal imaging can be employed to give three dimensional images + the scattered light can be imaged separately from the reflected component, Tyndall imaging, to enhance pathological structures that have a high scattering component + the wavelength of the illuminating light can be selected by choice of laser so oVering the potential for multispectral imaging + changes in polarisation of the reflected light can be used to measure retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness. While a number of these factors make imaging simpler there are three major advances that the SLO oVers to retinal imaging-the ability to do quantitative imaging, multispectral imaging, and three dimensional imaging. Quantitative imagingThe SLO is inherently a digital imaging technique; the image is produced by taking a series of samples of the light reflected from the retina as the beam is scanned in a raster fashion whereas with the fundus camera the whole of the retina is imaged simultaneously. However, the advantage of digital acquisition of data is now available with the digital fundus camera, so what advantages does laser imaging offer?One of the hopes of digital imaging is the automated analysis of retinal images both to identify abnormal pathology and to quantify the degree of pathology present.2 The precursor to image analysis is the need to correct for any non-uniformities in the illumination of the retina.3 In theory the SLO provides a uniform illumination of the retina so minimising the need for correction. In practice, however, there is still some non-uniformity in illumination.A second advantage is the ability to select the laser wavelength to improve the contrast of the features under analysis. This will be discussed later, although relatively little work has been done on it.But perhaps the main contribution is the ability of the SLO to image rapidly. Since there is no need to utilise flash, images can be taken rapidly, as one avoids t...

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Imaging of optic nerve head drusen with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Long term follow-up of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with optic nerve head drusen

Long term follow-up of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with optic nerve head drusen

Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome and Optic Disc Drusen: Case Report

Laser imaging of the retina

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