Immune Infertility and New Approaches to Treatment

Treatment and Prognosis of Immunological Factors in Unexplained Male Infertility

“…It is a very simple technique that is utilized in sperm preparation for IUI. Fresh seminal fluid from men with ASA is centrifuged and suspended in an albumin solution or nutrient medium before using it for insemination [50]. The effectiveness of sperm washing is dependent on the time of ejaculation to washing, limited to the IgG subtype, and it is less likely to yield motile sperms when compared to the swim-up method of preparation [51].…”

Infertility as Caused by Sperm Antibodies

“…The sperm washing and insemination method (SWIM) is an effort to try to wash the antibody out of the semen and then insemi nate the woman with the washed sperm [56]. This procedure has not had marked success, presumably because of the great difficulty of eluting the antibody from the sperm cell sur face by any method that is also sufficiently gentle to the sperm cells.…”

“…There are at least two kinds of sperm antibody -one is directed to the head, and the other to the tail of the sperm cell. The head antibody is better manifested in the TSAT, whereas the tail antibody is better manifested in the GAT [55,56], Table II shows the relationship between several meth ods and the types of sperm antibody de tected. In most cases, a positive GAT means that there is a tail-to-tail agglutinating anti body; in contrast, a positive TSAT means that there is a head-to-head agglutinating an tibody.…”

Artificial Insemination with Husband'S Sperm (Aih): Techniques for Sperm Selection

“…Most cases of impotence, hypospadias, retrograde ejaculation, or other conditions that make it impossible for the male to deposit the sperm into the vagina, do not require previous treatment of the sperm sample. In cases of male infertility, cervical factor M. Pardo and N. Bancells infertility, immunologic infertility, or unexplained infertility in which IUI appears more advantageous than intracervical or vaginal insemination, in vitro preparation of the semen specimen is required to avoid cramping and infection [46].…”

“…The diagnosis of immunologic infertility is established by the presence of sperm antibodies in the male or in the female, as suggested by testing for agglutination and/or immobilization in a modified Franklin-Dukes test in the absence of abnormal semen or poor mucus [46,491 or by men with serum sperm-agglutinating antibodies measured by trayagglutination technique (TAT) or women with serum sperm-agglutinating antibodies and sperm immobilization in the cervical mucus [7].…”