Immune response, glucose metabolism, and performance of stressed feeder calves fed inorganic or organic chromium.

Kegley, E. B.; Spears, J. W.

doi:10.2527/1995.7392721x

Cited by 101 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It has been reported that supplemental Cr feeding may improve body weight and feed efficiency in pigs (Page et al, 1993), broiler chickens (Ahmed et al, 2005), goats (Paul et al, 2005) and dairy heifers (Biswas et al, 2006). On the other hand Cr supplementation has been found to have no relationship with body weight and associated performance traits in ruminating feeder calves (Bunting et al, 1994;Kegley and Spears, 1995), steers (Besong et al, 2001), dairy cows (Hayirli et al, 2001) and sheep (Kitchalong et al, 1995;Sano et al, 2000). Achieving discernible effects of supplemental Cr on the production and metabolic indices of adult ruminants is still a debatable issue owing to the fact that functional ruminants derive little glucose from intestinal absorption, and the role of insulin in ruminants is perhaps less well defined than that in non-ruminants (Brockman, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Haldar

Samanta

Banarjee

et al. 2007

Animal

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Adult goats (no. ¼ 18) were supplemented with chromium (Cr, 0.5 mg/kg concentrate) for 120 days as Cr chloride and Cr yeast complex and their responses in terms of glucose tolerance and serum profiles of metabolites and hormones were measured. The goats were fed 200 g/day of the concentrate and reared under a semi-intensive regimen. Cr supplementation significantly reduced serum glucose ( P ¼ 0.049) and cholesterol ( P ¼ 0.0001) levels compared with the same in the control group (calculated as % change between days 0 and 120). Serum cortisol on day 120 was lower in goats fed Cr chloride than in the control group ( P , 0.05). Overall, the mean cortisol level was lower ( P ¼ 0.001) in the goats receiving added dietary Cr. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed on the goats on day 75. The clearance rate (k) of glucose between 5 and 60 min of glucose infusion was significantly higher ( P ¼ 0.004) in the goats supplemented with Cr yeast compared with those on the control or the Cr chloride supplemented diets. The kinetic parameters as well as the k and T 1/2 responses for serum insulin during the IVGTT were not affected. The ratio between the insulin k to glucose k increased ( P ¼ 0.011) in the goats fed added dietary Cr as Cr chloride compared with the control and the Cr yeast groups. Post-prandial serum levels of glucose (diet effect P ¼ 0.038) and cholesterol (diet effect P ¼ 0.033) was lower in both the Cr supplemented groups than the control. Serum glucose during an epinephrine challenge test tended to remain elevated ( P ¼ 0.076) 2 h after epinephrine infusion in the Cr yeast group indicating a delayed return of serum glucose to the basal level. However, serum insulin and cortisol remained unaffected. Several changes in selected blood metabolites and hormone measurements were observed when Cr was added as a dietary supplement in the diet of the goats. Contrary to the generally accepted view, supplemental Cr may influence the metabolism of ruminants even in a nonstressed management regime.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Haldar

Samanta

Banarjee

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…In contrast, Cr supplementation (3 mg/d; as a high-Cr yeast) did not affect Con A, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), or pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) mitogen (PWM)-induced blastogenesis of lymphocytes obtained from calves following inoculation with bovine herpesvirus-1 (Arthington et al 1997). Other studies in cattle have reported no effect of Cr supplementation (0·4 mg/kg; as either a Cr-nicotinic acid complex, high-Cr yeast or CrCl 3 ) on PHA or PWM-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis (Kegley & Spears, 1995;Kegley et al 1996).…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cr supplementation in cattle decreased serum cortisol concentrations in some studies (Chang & Mowat, 1992;Moonsie-Shageer & Mowat, 1993;Kegley et al 1996), but not in others (Lindell et al 1994;Kegley & Spears, 1995;Kegley et al 1997). When serial blood samples were obtained from jugular-cannulated calves at 4 h intervals for 6 d Cr supplementation (high-Cr yeast) did not affect serum cortisol concentrations following inoculation with bovine herpesvirus-1 (Arthington et al 1997).…”

Section: Disease Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients and immune function in cattle

2000

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Complex inter-relationships exist between certain micronutrients, immune function and disease resistance in cattle. Several micronutrients have been shown to influence immune responses. The relationship between deficiencies of some micronutrients and disease resistance is less clear. A number of studies have indicated that Cr supplementation may improve cell-mediated and humoral immune response as well as resistance to respiratory infections in stressed cattle. With respiratory-disease challenge models Cr generally does not affect disease resistance. Deficiencies of Cu, Se, vitamin E and Co in cattle reduce the ability of isolated neutrophils to kill yeast and/or bacteria. Cu deficiency reduces antibody production, but cell-mediated immunity is generally not altered. However, Cu deficiency appears to reduce production of interferon and tumour necrosis factor by mononuclear cells. Numerous studies have linked low vitamin E and/or Se status to increased susceptibility of dairy cows to intramammary infections. In contrast to findings in laboratory animals, marginal Zn deficiency does not appear to impair antibody production or lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogen stimulation in ruminants. Co deficiency has been associated with reduced resistance to parasitic infections. It is well documented that vitamin A-deficient animals are more susceptible to various types of infections. β-Carotene, possibly via its antioxidant properties, may affect immune function and disease resistance independent of its role as a precursor of vitamin A.

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“…Vários autores não têm verificado efeito da suplementação de cromo no desempenho de bezerros em condições de conforto (Kegley & Spears, 1995;Depew et al, 1998;Danielsson & Pehrson, 1998). Entretanto, Moonsie-Shageer & Mowat (1993), encontraram aumento no ganho de peso diário, bem como na ingestão de alimentos por bezerros submetidos a estresse, mas não em situações normais.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Claeys et al (1994) e Depew et al (1998) também não encontraram diferença significativa no desaparecimento da glicose sangüínea. A tendência de desaparecimento mais rápido da glicose sangüínea é possivelmente devido a um aumento na atividade da insulina, como foi encontrado por Hayirli et al (2001), suplementando vacas leiteiras no período do pré-parto com cromo-metionina e também por Kegley & Spears (1995), que, suplementando bezerros mestiços Angus com cromo orgânico, por período de 56 dias, encontraram aumento no nível de insulina sérica, entre 15 e 30 minutos após a infusão de glicose.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Desempenho e resposta metabólica de bezerros recebendo dietas suplementadas com cromo

et al. 2003

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Quatorze bezerros com quatro meses de idade, foram distribuídos em dois tratamentos, sendo um controle e um com suplementação de 0,4 mg de cromo orgânico por kg/M.S de ração basal. A ração basal foi constituída de 52% de feno de coastcross e 48% de concentrado à base de fubá de milho e soja extrusada, e foi oferecida ao animais durante 98 dias. Foi efetuado o controle diário da ingestão de alimentos. Na última semana foi realizado um teste de tolerância à glicose, com os animais em condições de conforto térmico. Para os grupos controle e tratado , o ganho em peso (1,330 e 1,320 kg/dia), a eficiência alimentar (0,24 e 0,25 kg) e a conversão alimentar (4,13 e 4,07 kg), foram semelhantes. Apesar de o grupo tratado apresentar tendência de eliminar a glicose mais rapidamente, os grupos não diferiram entre si.

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Immune response, glucose metabolism, and performance of stressed feeder calves fed inorganic or organic chromium.

Cited by 101 publications

References 17 publications

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Micronutrients and immune function in cattle

Desempenho e resposta metabólica de bezerros recebendo dietas suplementadas com cromo

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