Immuno-Chromatographic Wicking Assay for the Rapid Detection of Dengue Viral Antigens in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Wanja, Elizabeth; Parker, Zahra; Odusami, Oluwakemi; Rowland, Tobin; Davé, Kirti; Davé, Sonia; Turell, Michael J.

doi:10.1603/me12261

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Many recent studies have detected the dengue virus in rural and urban settings of India and identified St. albopicta as a potential dengue vector [3,4]. A recent report on detecting dengue vector using Vector Test™ assay has suggested that the assay is highly specific and does not cross-react with other similar viruses [18]. The present study, probably due to the small sample size of St. albopicta mosquitoes used for detecting dengue virus was not able to identify dengue vectors but the present result cannot be generalised to the other areas where dengue outbreaks have been reported recently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insecticide susceptibility and dengue vector status of wild Stegomyia albopicta in a strategically important area of Assam, India

Dhiman

Rabha

Yadav

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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BackgroundDengue vector control programmes are facing operational challenges due to resistance against commonly used insecticides throughout the endemic countries. Recently, there has been appreciable increase in the dengue cases in India, however, no recent data are available on susceptible status of dengue vectors. We have studied the susceptibility level of St. albopicta to commonly used insecticides in India. Adult mosquitoes were tested for the presence of dengue virus.MethodsSt. albopicta larval bioassays were carried out to determine the lethal concentrations (LC10, LC50 and LC99) and the resistance ratios (RR10, RR50 and RR99) for temephos. Susceptibility to 4% DDT, 0.05% deltamethrin and 5% malathion was assessed following standard procedure. Knock-down times (KDT10, KDT50 and KDT99) were estimated and knock-down resistance ratios (KRR10, KRR50 and KRR99) were calculated. VectorTest™ dengue antigen assay was used to detect the dengue virus in the field collected mosquitoes.ResultsIn larval bioassays, the RR ranged from 1.4 (for RR99) to 1.7 (for RR50), which suggested that the tested St. albopicta were susceptible to temephos. There was no deviation among the lethal concentration data from linearity (r2 = 0.61). Adult St. albopicta mosquitoes were resistant to DDT, while fully susceptible to deltamethrin and malathion. The knock-down values (KDT10, KDT50 and KDT99) obtained for DDT displayed straight line in log-dose-probit analysis and follow linear regression model. The KRR99 for DDT was 4.9, which indicated a 4.9 folds increase in knock-down resistance to DDT. However, for malathion and deltamethrin, the KRR99 values were 1.6 and 1.5 respectively suggesting that mosquitoes were knock-down sensitive. None of the mosquito pool was dengue virus positive.ConclusionSt. albopicta showed resistance to DDT and reduced sensitivity to deltamethrin and malathion. This data on insecticide resistance could help public health authorities in India to design more effective vector control measures. More dengue vector specimens need to be scanned to identify the potential dengue vector.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VectorTest™ assay is a highly specific and rapid immunochromatographic assay for qualitative detection of any of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1–4) in the infected mosquito [18]. The assays were performed following standard manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide susceptibility and dengue vector status of wild Stegomyia albopicta in a strategically important area of Assam, India

Dhiman

Rabha

Yadav

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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“…These assays allow for qualitative detection of arboviruses, and have the advantage of being rapid, without the need for specialized equipment. Currently, there are tests commercially available for a variety of viruses including CHIKV [ 44 ], DENV [ 45 ] and WNV [ 43 ], among others. In Singapore [ 46 ] and Malaysia [ 47 ], a dengue NS1 rapid test has been used to detect infected mosquitoes as part of a routine surveillance programme.…”

Section: Methods For Arbovirus Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for the proverbial needle in a haystack: advances in mosquito-borne arbovirus surveillance

et al. 2018

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Surveillance is critical for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviruses. Detection of elevated or emergent virus activity serves as a warning system to implement appropriate actions to reduce outbreaks. Traditionally, surveillance of arboviruses has relied on the detection of specific antibodies in sentinel animals and/or detection of viruses in pools of mosquitoes collected using a variety of sampling methods. These methods, although immensely useful, have limitations, including the need for a cold chain for sample transport, cross-reactivity between related viruses in serological assays, the requirement for specialized equipment or infrastructure, and overall expense. Advances have recently been made on developing new strategies for arbovirus surveillance. These strategies include sugar-based surveillance, whereby mosquitoes are collected in purpose-built traps and allowed to expectorate on nucleic acid preservation cards which are submitted for virus detection. New diagnostic approaches, such as next-generation sequencing, have the potential to expand the genetic information obtained from samples and aid in virus discovery. Here, we review the advancement of arbovirus surveillance systems over the past decade. Some of the novel approaches presented here have already been validated and are currently being integrated into surveillance programs. Other strategies are still at the experimental stage, and their feasibility in the field is yet to be evaluated.

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“…E2-specific mAbs developed previously in Chapter 3 were screened for their sensitivity and specificity (Goh et al, 2013). Purified mAbs were either conjugated with colloidal gold, or immobilized as capture antibodies on the test strips (Fernandez et al, 1994;Wanja et al, 2014). Instead of utilizing mosquitoes grinds, CHIKVROSS (GenBank ID: AF490259.3) virus culture was used in this preliminary test.…”

Section: Dipstick Antigen Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid detection of CHIKV in mosquitoes via the use of a dipstick assay can provide a rapid and convenient surveillance tool for the prompt assessment of disease threat and timely implementation of vector control measures. These strategies are particularly useful during military deployments in high-risk areas (Nasci et al, 2003;Sattabongkot et al, 2004;Coleman et al, 2009;Wanja et al, 2014). However, when clinical samples positive for CHIKV RNA by RT-PCR were tested in the antigen-capture assay, the efficiency of CHIKV antigen detection was relatively poor, with only one out of 29 early-phase human samples positive.…”

Section: E2-specific Mabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of monoclonal antibodies to Chikungunya virus proteins

Goh¹

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that causes arthritic disease in humans and is considered a serious health threat in regions where competent mosquito vectors are prevalent. The recent CHIKV epidemic (2004-2014) has resulted in an estimated 1.4-6.5 million cases, involving more than 40 countries. There are no commercially licensed human vaccines available against infection with this re-emerging alphavirus. Treatment of CHIKV rheumatic disease usually involves the use of analgesics and/or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, with relief often inadequate. Furthermore, the number of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for CHIKV is limited. This thesis describes the generation and characterisation of a suite of mAbs that are specific to the E2 or capsid protein (CP) of CHIKV. These mAbs were shown to be reactive in a range of assays including ELISA, Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Eleven CP-specific mAbs were capable of recognising isolates that represent the major genotypes of CHIKV, as well as several other alphaviruses. In contrast, five mAbs specific for the E2 glycoprotein were able to distinguish CHIKV from all other alphaviruses tested. Two of these E2-specific mAbs have the ability to provide complete protection against arthritis in a CHIKV mouse model when administered prior to infection. The anti-E2 mAbs have also been used successfully in a sensitive epitope-blocking ELISA to detect anti-CHIKV antibodies in clinical samples. Moreover, we have identified CHIKV in a serum sample from a patient using an antigen-capture ELISA. The recent re-emergence of CHIKV and its potential threat to human health has called for a better understanding of the virus for improved treatment, prevention and control measures. To do so, we have mapped the binding sites of the anti-CP mAbs with the help of N-and Cterminally truncated versions of the CHIKV CP. Two putative binding regions, residues 1 to 35 and 105-210 of CP, were identified. Competitive binding studies also revealed that five of the CP-specific mAbs recognised a series of overlapping epitopes that are likely to be the nuclear export signal of CHIKV CP. Furthermore, we have confirmed the presence of a smaller, truncated product of CP that may have structural and/or functional significance during viral replication. Evidence was also provided to show that the C-terminus of CP is required for antibody binding.

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Immuno-Chromatographic Wicking Assay for the Rapid Detection of Dengue Viral Antigens in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Insecticide susceptibility and dengue vector status of wild Stegomyia albopicta in a strategically important area of Assam, India

Insecticide susceptibility and dengue vector status of wild Stegomyia albopicta in a strategically important area of Assam, India

Searching for the proverbial needle in a haystack: advances in mosquito-borne arbovirus surveillance

Development and application of monoclonal antibodies to Chikungunya virus proteins

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