Immunoadjuvant saponin production in seedlings and micropropagated plants of Quillaja brasiliensis

Abstract

The leaves of Quillaja brasiliensis, a native tree species of southern Brazil, accumulate saponins which have adjuvant activity in vaccines. An efficient micropropagation system for Q. brasiliensis was developed. Plants were obtained from aseptically germinated seeds. High rates of germination were observed on filter paper and aseptic medium substrate (sucrose and light exposure did not affect the germination response). Stem nodal segments were inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine. Each explant produced multiple shoots, which elongated satisfactorily on the same medium. Elongated shoots were rooted in a modified MS medium with or without auxins. Best rooting responses were observed in medium containing 10 mg l −1 indole-3-acetic acid under continuous exposure. The rooted explants were acclimatized and successfully transferred to soil, yielding approximately 95% survival after 10 mo. Leaf content of immunoadjuvant saponins in micropropagated plants was not affected by auxin type used for rooting and was comparable to that of field-grown trees. The results indicate that Q. brasiliensis represents an alternative and readily renewable source of biomass for the production of bioactive saponins.

1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)urea acts as either adventitious rooting adjuvant or xylogenesis enhancer in carob and pine microcuttings depending on the presence/absence of exogenous indole-3-butyric acid

“…Therefore, an exogenous supplementation is often necessary, even if the increased amount of auxin thus available (endogenous plus exogenous auxin) could reach a detrimental supra-optimal level, causing formation of a high amount of basal callus from which stunted and/or malformed ARs might protrude. The frequent lack of a good vascular connection between these ARs and the cutting vasculature has been recognised as the main problem of their malfunctioning, with negative consequences for cutting survival (Fleck et al 2009). The simultaneous presence of unusual chemicals, e.g., 5-BDPU or 6-BDPU, plus auxin, has been described to promote adventitious rooting, reducing the disadvantages of a treatment with auxin alone (Ricci et al 2006;Brunoni et al 2014).…”

In Vitro Micropropagation of Anisochilus carnosus (L) Wall

“…Our results are in accordance with the studies carried out on Thapsia garganica (Mukunga et al, 2006), Pseudarthria viscid (Vinothkumar et al, 2010), Cassia angustifolia (Parveen and Shahzad, 2011) and Solanum nigrum (Sridhar and Naidu, 2011). The superiority of IBA over other auxins for root induction has been earlier reported in Cajanus cajan (Dayal et al, 2003), Murraya koenigii (Rout, 2005) and Quill resiliencies (Fleck et al, 2009).…”

Production of Plant Bioactive Triterpenoid Saponins: Elicitation Strategies and Target Genes to Improve Yields

“…In the case of TDZ, it was suggested that the observed effect might have been a consequence of biomass gain, although the proportion of increment of accumulation of asiaticosides was quite superior to the increment in biomass. On the other hand, the accumulation of an immunoadjuvant fraction of Quillaja brasiliensis saponins was not significantly affected by different auxins applied in the rooting of microcuttings cultivated in vitro [56]. JA spraying on leaves or UV light exposure stimulated saponin accumulation in leaves of Q. brasiliensis (J.D.…”