Cancer vestiges one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide despite its advances treatment and detection and the conventional chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of cancer have non-specific toxicity toward normal body cells that cause various side effects. In addition, cancer cells are known to develop chemotherapy resistance in due course of treatment, so, it's difficult and not easy to treat cancer using normal antiviral drugs. Thus, the demand for novel anti-cancer agents is increasing important to develop novel biological control approach. Some research reports have shown the therapeutic potential of LAB against various types of cancer cell lines. This makes them promising candidates for further investigation and clinical treatments. While a myriad of healthful effects have been attributed to lactic acid bacteria (LAB), perhaps the most controversial remains that of anticancer activity. The precise mechanisms by which LAB may inhibit any cancer are currently unknown. However, such mechanisms might include: alteration of the metabolic activities of intestinal microflora; alteration of physico-chemical conditions in the colon and gut; binding and degrading potential carcinogens; quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in the intestinal microflora incriminated in producing putative carcinogen(s) and promoters; production of antitumourigenic or antimutagenic compounds; enhancing the host's immune response; and effects on physiology of the host. In this review article, we present the overview of anticancer activity of the lactic acid bacteria.