with the B.V.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine. He obtained his Master's and Ph.D. degrees in virology from the University of Reading, Britain. He also got a Post-Doctoral Fellowship (FIAEA), in Immunolabelled Techniques & Arbovirology , the World Reference Laboratory, Pirbright Britain. Since 1975 he has been engaged in active research, technological developments and teaching in several Universities in Sudan and Saudi Arabia. He acted as a Consultant to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Immunolabelled Techniques. He is an Editor and reviewer for a number of Scientific Journals including the International Journal "Tropical Animal Health & Production", Britain. Published 123 peer reviewed papers in reputable scientific journals and 60 peer reviewed articles in conferences. He was the first to develop the ELISA technique in Foot and mouth disease (FMD) Virus Research. Quoted in the highly reputed international scientific journal "Nature". Contributed in the Book: "Immunoassay in the 80's", 1981, ATP publishing Co., London. Made first records of several viral diseases of great international significance.