Immunocytochemical study of somatostatin, neurotensin, GABA, and glycine in rat spinal dorsal horn

Proudlock, Frank A; Spike, Rosemary C.; Todd, Andrew

doi:10.1002/cne.903270210

Cited by 89 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The LM distribution of GLY-IR cells in the monkey is similar to that previously described in rat (Todd, 1990;Proudlock et al, 1993;Todd and Spike, 1993) and cat (Aprison and Werman, 1965;Graham et al, 1967). For example, labeled neurons are numerous in laminae 111-VII with fewer neurons in laminae I, I1 (the substantia gelatinosa), VIII, IX and X.…”

Section: Light Microscopic Localizationssupporting

confidence: 54%

Distribution of glycine-immunoreactive profiles in the monkey spinal cord: A light microscopic and ultrastructural study

1996

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The present study analyzed the relationships of glycine (GLY)-immunoreactive (-IR) and unlabeled profiles in the primate spinal cord. Light microscopic analysis demonstrated GLY-IR profiles in laminae III-VII, with fewer labeled profiles in laminae I, II, VIII, IX and X. The dorsal part of the lateral funiculus and the dorsal funiculus contained few labeled axons, in contrast to all other areas of white matter, which were heavily labeled. At the electron microscopic level, GLY-IR terminals in monkeys contained mainly round, with occasional pleomorphic, clear vesicles; however, F-type GLY-IR terminals synapsing on motoneurons contained pleomorphic vesicles. This seems to be an important species difference because vesicles in GLY-IR terminals in rat and cat are predominantly oval or elliptical. GLY-IR terminals synapsed on unlabeled as well as GLY-IR cell bodies and dendrites. This is morphological evidence that GLY may be both an inhibitor (GLY-IR terminals synapse on and presumably inhibit non-GLY cell bodies and dendrites) and a disinhibitor (GLY-IR terminals synapse on and presumably inhibit other GLY elements) of spinal activity. Also noteworthy was the conspicuous absence of axoaxonic interactions involving GLY-IR terminals. A related finding was that GLY profiles were always postsynaptic, never presynaptic, to glomerular primary afferent terminals. The functional implications would seem to be that primary afferent input can activate the spinal GLY system but that there is little GLY presynaptic control of afferent input in monkeys. This is in contrast to rats and cats, in which axoaxonic interactions involving GLY-IR terminals have been observed and where it is common to find GLY-IR terminals presynaptic to glomerular primary afferent terminals.

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Section: Light Microscopic Localizationssupporting

confidence: 54%

Distribution of glycine-immunoreactive profiles in the monkey spinal cord: A light microscopic and ultrastructural study

1996

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“…Tlx3 and Pax2 are associated with excitatory and inhibitory neurons, respectively, at least at embryonic stages (Cheng et al, 2004). Consistently, neurons that produce Neurokinin B (the product of Tac2), Substance P (the product of Tac1), and a late wave of SOM (the product of Sst) belong to glutamatergic excitatory neurons (Proudlock et al, 1993;Todd et al, 2003;Todd and Koerber, 2006;Polgar et al, 2006). Also consistent with an association with Pax2 ϩ neurons, a small number of SOM ϩ neurons located in the deep dorsal horn are inhibitory neurons (Proudlock et al, 1993).…”

Section: Ontogeny Of Dorsal Horn Peptidergic Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Tlx1 and Tlx3 Coordinate Specification of Dorsal Horn Pain-Modulatory Peptidergic Neurons

Xu¹,

Lopes²,

Qian³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

113

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The dorsal spinal cord synthesizes a variety of neuropeptides that modulate the transmission of nociceptive sensory information. Here, we used genetic fate mapping to show that Tlx3 ϩ spinal cord neurons and their derivatives represent a heterogeneous population of neurons, marked by partially overlapping expression of a set of neuropeptide genes, including those encoding the anti-opioid peptide cholecystokinin, pronociceptive Substance P (SP), Neurokinin B, and a late wave of somatostatin. Mutations of Tlx3 and Tlx1 result in a loss of expression of these peptide genes. Brn3a, a homeobox transcription factor, the expression of which is partly dependent on Tlx3, is required specifically for the early wave of SP expression. These studies suggest that Tlx1 and Tlx3 operate high in the regulatory hierarchy that coordinates specification of dorsal horn pain-modulatory peptidergic neurons.

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“…Although many neuropeptides are present in neurons in laminae I-III of the dorsal horn, there is apparently no evidence for significant coexistence of peptides in cells that contain neurotensin. Somatostatin-LI is also present in neurons that do not contain GABA; however, somatostatin and neurotensin do not appear to coexist in axons within the dorsal horn, and are therefore presumably contained in different populations of cells (Proudlock et al, 1993). Neuropeptide Y appears to be present exclusively in GABAergic neurons (Rowan et al, 1993).…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunocytochemical evidence that neurotensin is present in glutamatergic neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat

et al. 1994

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In order to determine whether glutamate is enriched in neurotensin- containing axons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord, we have carried out preembedding immunocytochemistry with an antiserum to neurotensin and then used a postembedding immunogold method with antiserum to glutamate. The immunogold label (corresponding to glutamate-like immunoreactivity) over 40 neurotensin-immunoreactive boutons in laminae I and II of the lumbar dorsal horn was compared with that over nearby axons that formed asymmetrical or symmetrical synapses. In addition, for 20 of these boutons, the labeling was compared with that over mossy and parallel fiber terminals (both of which are thought to use glutamate as a transmitter) from sections of cerebellum that had been processed together with those of spinal cord. Glutamate-like immunoreactivity was consistently high over neurotensin- immunoreactive boutons relative to most surrounding profiles. Immunostaining over these boutons was slightly (11%) lower than that over matched terminals that formed asymmetrical synapses, but considerably higher than that over the terminals that formed symmetrical synapses. The level of glutamate immunoreactivity in neurotensin-immunoreactive boutons in dorsal horn was similar to that in cerebellar parallel fiber terminals, but significantly lower than that in mossy fiber terminals. These results suggest that glutamate is a transmitter used by neurotensin-immunoreactive axons in the dorsal horn, and since these axons are thought to be largely or entirely derived from neurotensin-containing neurons in laminae I-III, they provide immunocytochemical evidence for a population of excitatory glutamatergic neurons in this region.

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Immunocytochemical study of somatostatin, neurotensin, GABA, and glycine in rat spinal dorsal horn

Cited by 89 publications

References 51 publications

Distribution of glycine-immunoreactive profiles in the monkey spinal cord: A light microscopic and ultrastructural study

Distribution of glycine-immunoreactive profiles in the monkey spinal cord: A light microscopic and ultrastructural study

Tlx1 and Tlx3 Coordinate Specification of Dorsal Horn Pain-Modulatory Peptidergic Neurons

Immunocytochemical evidence that neurotensin is present in glutamatergic neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat

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