Immunological effects of Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) by stimulation of mice in vivo and in vitro

Solutions against emerging infectious and noninfectious human diseases through the application of baculovirus technologies

“…As to immunologic aspects, baculoviruses generate a low response in mammals, but do not evoke systemic antiviral reactions (Gronowski et al 1999;Abe et al 2003;Bocca et al 2013), rather an induction of innate immunity that produces a type I interferon-mediated by Toll-like receptor-dependent and Toll-like receptor-independent pathways (Abe et al 2005(Abe et al , 2009. Other transcriptomic analyses found similar evidence, including that baculoviruses slightly induce genes associated with Toll-like receptors, cytokine signaling, and complement (Shin et al 2020).…”

“…The reasons that led so many researchers to explore this application of AcMNPV BVs (Ono et al 2014;Mansouri and Berger 2018) resides mainly in biosafety issues: quite simply stated, the virus does not infect mammals (Kost and Condreay 2002) and furthermore exhibits a natural efficiency in transducing different mammalian cells including stem cells (Airenne et al 2011). In addition to those essential properties, the virus is easy to manipulate for generating recombinant virions (Luckow et al 1993;Airenne et al 2011) and producing those constructs on an industrial scale (He et al 2005;Kwang et al 2016); possesses an extensive capacity for carrying exogenous DNA of up to at least 38 kbp, thus enabling the insertion of several GOIs at once (Cheshenko et al 2001); and is characterized by an excellent immunogenic profile when administered in vivo as a result of the lack of preexisting immunity in mammals (Bocca et al 2013). Another advantage is the compatibility of the baculovirus system carrying GOIs that will express suicide proteins in mammalian cells (useful in cancer treatments), but not in insect cells (where the viral vector is produced) owing to the use of introns and other typical elements of mammalian genetics (Chen 2019).…”

Two Distinctive Phenotypes of AcMNPV Display Different Immune Abilities and Intracellular Destiny

“…Indeed, in the mid-gut of lepidopteran larvae, where polyhedra naturally dissolve, the medium is highly alkaline. Interestingly, polyhedra of Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus , but not of AcMNPV, were able to modulate the immune system in mice under certain conditions [30]. On the other hand, ODVs entered in DCs and colocalized with acidic and Lamp 2+ compartments, thus demonstrating that virions of the occluded phenotype reached late endosomes and lysosomes similarly to virions of the budded phenotype.…”

Expressão de antígenos virais fusionados a uma proteína formadora de corpos de oclusão de um vírus de inseto

“…Esses vírus têm sido amplamente aplicados nas últimas seis décadas como agentes de biocontrole contra as pragas florestais e agrícolas, devido a sua eficácia, alta especificidade e a segurança em relação aos organismos nãoalvo (Moscardi, 1999). Baculovírus são considerados seguros para os vertebrados e nenhum caso de patogenicidade para estas espécies foi relatado (Bocca et al, 2013;Krieg et al, 1980). A sua especificidade de hospedeiro é geralmente muito estrita e muitas vezes limitada a uma única espécie de insetos.…”

“…Outra aplicação para estas construções será a utilização como imunomoduladores. Os corpos de oclusão de baculovírus recombinantes, quando em contato com células de mamíferos in vivo, são capazes de ativar a resposta imunológica, de maneira antígeno específica (Bocca et al, 2013).…”