Immunological, Physico-Chemical and Biochemical Parameters of Oral Fluid in Children With Congenital Cleft Palate and Postoperative Palate Defect

Objectives. Studying the characteristics of oral fluid in people of different age groups and different health conditions: healthy children, children with chronic renal failure, with cerebral palsy, with congenital cleft palate, healthy adults, elderly and senile people, pregnant women. Purpose. To evaluate the influence of somatic pathology and age-related characteristics on parametric biochemical parameters of oral fluid: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, protein. Methodology. The examination of patients and the collection of material were carried out at the clinical base of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics with the course of IDPO of the Bashkir State Medical University (head of the department, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor S.V. Chuikin). An analysis of oral fluid was carried out in people of different age groups and different health conditions: healthy children, children with chronic renal failure, with cerebral palsy, with congenital cleft palate, healthy adults, elderly and senile people, pregnant women with physiological pregnancy and with edema. Results. Data were obtained on the level of biochemical parameters of oral fluid in people of different age groups and different health conditions: healthy children, children with chronic renal failure, with cerebral palsy, with congenital cleft palate, healthy adults, elderly and senile people, pregnant women. Conclusions. The biochemical composition of oral fluid changes in the presence of somatic pathology, during pregnancy and at different age periods. The dynamics of biochemical parameters of oral fluid can be a diagnostic marker for identifying diseases and allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

Changes in Biochemical Indicators of Oral Fluid in Healthy Individuals of Different Age Groups and With Related Diseases

Chuykin,

Topol'nickiy,

Kuchuk

et al. 2023

Immunological, Physico-Chemical and Biochemical Parameters of Oral Fluid in Children With Congenital Cleft Palate and Postoperative Palate Defect

Chuykin,

Bilak,

Kuchuk

et al. 2024

Objectives. Immunological, biochemical and physicochemical analysis of oral fluid in children with congenital cleft palate. Purpose. To analyze oral fluid in children with congenital cleft palate to determine the levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6), lysozyme, secretory immunoglobulin A, interferon gamma and evaluate biochemical (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, protein) and physicochemical (salivation rate, kinematic viscosity, pH) parameters of mixed saliva. Methodology. The article presents the results of a laboratory study of the parameters of the oral fluid of 90 children aged 2–5 years with congenital cleft and 45 practically healthy children of the same age. Results. In children 2–5 years old with congenital cleft palate, according to immunological parameters of the oral fluid, there is a decrease in the amount of cytokines in the oral fluid (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6), lysozyme, secretory immunoglobulin-A, interferon gamma, which indicates deficiencies of local immunity in the oral cavity and low resistance to bacterial infections. An increase in the kinematic viscosity of the oral fluid and a decrease in protein levels were noted. Conclusions. Laboratory confirmation was obtained of the presence of a local inflammatory process in the oral cavity and a decrease in local immunological anti-inflammatory factors in the oral fluid. Changes in the immunological and rheological properties of oral fluid in children with congenital cleft palate lead to disturbances in the process of self-cleaning of the mucous membrane and teeth, which in the postoperative period creates high risks for the formation of infection and inflammation of the wound after uranoplasty.

Characteristics of Complications of Uranoplasty in Children With Congenital Cleft Palate

Chuykin,

Bilak,

Kuchuk

et al. 2024

Objectives. Reconstructive surgery to correct a congenital cleft palate is called uranoplasty. In the early postoperative period after uranoplasty, surgeons often encounter several problems: suture dehiscence, inflammation of the wound edges and the addition of a secondary infection to the wound process. The development of complications after uranoplasty is influenced by the general condition of the child, somatic and dental diseases. It is relevant and important to study the outcomes of uranoplasty in children with congenital cleft palate and evaluate the results for postoperative complications. Purpose. To analyze the outcomes of uranoplasty in children with congenital cleft palate, to determine the frequency and types of postoperative complications. Methodology. The article presents clinical examination data of 273 children with congenital cleft palate after uranoplasty over the past 5 years. Results. In children aged 2–5 years with congenital cleft palate after uranoplasty, complications were noted in 19.78% of cases, among which velopharyngeal insufficiency was present in 44.44% of operated children, a short cicatricial palate was noted in 35.19% of children, perforated 20.37% of examined children have a palate defect. Conclusions. After uranoplasty, complications arise as a result of the inflammatory process in the wound area. The standard protocol for patient management after uranoplasty involves the administration of an antibacterial drug intraoperatively. In order to increase the effectiveness of the prevention of postoperative complications after uranoplasty in children with congenital cleft palate, it is necessary to develop and implement therapeutic measures aimed at reducing the inflammatory process in the wound area and the formation of an elastic scar.