Immunosuppression in bovine trypanosomiasis

Holmes, P.H.; Mammo, E; Thomson, Angus; Knight, P. A.; Lücken, R. N.; Pk, Murray; Murray, M; Fw, Jennings; Urquhart, G.M.

doi:10.1136/vr.95.4.86

Cited by 56 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The results of studies reported here show that the level of serum antibody responses to CBPP vaccination in cattle infected with T. vivax and T. congolense, singly or mixed, are slightly depressed and essentially support the findings of other workers (Holmes et al 1974, Rurangirwa et al 1974, Scott et al 1977, Whitelaw et al 1979) who used bacteria and virus vaccines. Although the depression of the primary or secondary responses observed in infected animals were, on the average, of only one dilution count when compared with control animals, this amount of depression might be significant since maximum recorded titre, even in vaccinated, uninfected controls that showed resistance to challenge, was no higher than a dilution count of 4.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In humans, immunodepressiori has been demonstrated in patients with trypanosomiasis and is believed to be one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for increased susceptibility to secondary infections (Greenwood et al 1973). These studies have been extended to cattle by several workers (Holmes et al 1974, Scott et al 1977, Rurangirwa et al 1978, 1980, Whitelaw et al 1979 because cattle are important natural hosts and because of the possibility that if trypanosome infections suppress host immune responses, it will in all probability impair recovery, undermine vaccination programmes by depressing immune response to vaccination and render animals susceptible to secondary infection, a possibility suggested by the work of Maxie et al (1979). And while these studies have shown that the serum antibody response to vaccination with bacteria and virus vaccines is slightly depressed in trypanosome-infected animals, they do not provide information on whether or not such immunodepression reflected impaired protection against subsequent challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunodepressive effects of trypanosomal infection in cattle immunized against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

Ilemobade

Adegboye

Onoviran

et al. 1982

Parasite Immunology

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Groups of cattle infected singly with Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense and, with a combination of T. vivax and T. congolense, were vaccinated against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) 6 weeks before or after infection. All animals were revaccinated 12 weeks after primary vaccination. The primary antibody responses in cattle vaccinated 6 weeks after infection with T. vivax and a combination of T. vivax plus T. congolense were slightly depressed in contrast to other groups which were similar in their response to the control group. Although secondary antibody responses developed in all infected groups, with a delay in those infected with T. congolense, they did not reach the levels of the controls. In spite of the slight depression in antibody responses, however, 50% of the vaccinated trypanosomal animals contracted CBPP on exposure to experimental infection while the vaccinated controls were immune. It is suggested that the protective immunity to CBPP engendered by vaccination is impaired during infection with African trypanosomes and that the level of antibody response to CBPP vaccination in trypanosomal animals does not reflect the degree of immunodepression. The importance of trypanosomiasis control in ensuring success of vaccination campaigns against CBPP is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodepressive effects of trypanosomal infection in cattle immunized against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

Ilemobade

Adegboye

Onoviran

et al. 1982

Parasite Immunology

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“…Pathogens can also interact indirectly by modifying the host's immunity against (Holmes et al . 1974; Mackenzie et al 1975; Urquhart and Holmes, 1987; Kaufmann et al 1992; Lachhman et al . 2010; Tabel et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of co-infections on the haematological profile of East African Short-horn Zebu calves

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYThe cumulative effect of co-infections between pathogen pairs on the haematological response of East African Short-horn Zebu calves is described. Using a longitudinal study design a stratified clustered random sample of newborn calves were recruited into the Infectious Diseases of East African Livestock (IDEAL) study and monitored at 5-weekly intervals until 51 weeks of age. At each visit samples were collected and analysed to determine the infection status of each calf as well as their haematological response. The haematological parameters investigated included packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet count (Plt). The pathogens of interest included tick-borne protozoa and rickettsias, trypanosomes and intestinal parasites. Generalized additive mixed-effect models were used to model the infectious status of pathogens against each haematological parameter, including significant interactions between pathogens. These models were further used to predict the cumulative effect of co-infecting pathogen pairs on each haematological parameter. The most significant decrease in PCV was found with co-infections of trypanosomes and strongyles. Strongyle infections also resulted in a significant decrease in WBC at a high infectious load. Trypanosomes were the major cause of thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts were also affected by interactions between tick-borne pathogens. Interactions between concomitant pathogens were found to complicate the prognosis and clinical presentation of infected calves and should be taken into consideration in any study that investigates disease under field conditions.

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“…Thus, besides being important pathogens, the trypanosomes are also held responsible for producing a state of severe immunosuppression which renders the infected host more susceptible to secondary infections and produce poor immune response to vaccine administration (Holmes et al 1974;Onah et al 1997). Insufficient protection induced by classical swine fever vaccine in T. evansi-infected endemic areas has also been noticed (Holland et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Immune responses to haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccination in Trypanosoma evansi infected buffalo-calves

Singla

Juyal

Sharma

2009

Trop Anim Health Prod

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To assess the immunosuppressive effect of Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffalo-calves on immune responses to heterologous antigen, the study was planned to examine the responses of haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccination in simultaneously and previously (80 days before vaccination) T. evansi-infected buffalo-calves. Eight buffalo-calves were divided into three groups. Buffalo-calves of group A (n = 3) were previously (80 days before primary vaccination with haemorrhagic septicaemia [HS] vaccine) infected with T. evansi (1 x 10(7) tryps.calf(-1); sc) and that of group B (n = 3) were infected with T. evansi (1 x 10(7) tryps.calf(-1); sc) on the day of primary vaccination with HS vaccine. Two healthy uninfected control calves given only HS vaccine were kept in group C. All the buffalo-calves were given a booster dose of vaccine 21 days post-primary vaccination (PPV). Twenty eight days PPV, animals of group A were given trypanocidal quinapyramine prosalt at 6.66 mg kg(-1). Immunosuppressive effect of T. evansi infection was evident from day 7 PPV with HS vaccine. The effect was more pronounced in previously T. evansi-infected buffalo-calves as compared with simultaneously infected buffalo-calves. Group A buffalo-calves appeared to have recovered from the immunosuppressive effect after 28 days post-trypanocidal treatment as observed by humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Immunosuppressive effect to HS vaccination was observed in T. evansi-infected buffalo-calves, and trypanocidal therapy enabled the calves to mount the responses similar to uninfected controls.

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Immunosuppression in bovine trypanosomiasis

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Immunodepressive effects of trypanosomal infection in cattle immunized against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

Immunodepressive effects of trypanosomal infection in cattle immunized against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

The impact of co-infections on the haematological profile of East African Short-horn Zebu calves

Immune responses to haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccination in Trypanosoma evansi infected buffalo-calves

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