Impact Assessment of Human Activities on Runoff and Sediment of Beiluo River in the Yellow River Based on Paired Years of Similar Climate

Abstract

Climate change and human activities influence runoff and sediment load in an integrated way. However, under similar climate conditions the variability in runoff and sediment load is mainly a result of human activities. In this study, the change trends of runoff and sediment load were detected with linear regression analysis for the Beiluo River on the Loess Plateau, China. The impact of human activities on runoff and sediment was examined under similar weather conditions based on continuous monthly data of climate and runoff and sediment load from 1958 to 2012 at the Zhuangtou Hydrological Station. The results showed that: 1) Annual runoff and sediment load varied greatly and declined significantly in the study period, but precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) estimated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith Method had no significant trend. 2) The paired periods with similar precipitation and ET 0 were selected if they had similar annual amounts (less than 2%) and similar changing process controlled by monthly data (P<0.05). It has been demonstrated that the decreases of runoff and sediment load were mostly (60%, 70%, 75%) induced by human activities within the paired periods.

Soil Organic Carbon Density Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors in a Karst Mountainous Basin

“…Soil organic carbon density is a certain depth of soil organic carbon storage in the unit area. The calculation formula of organic carbon density (kg·m -2 ) in a soil layer is as follows [18]: (2) …where C j MERGEFORMAT is the SOC content in the layer of soil genus j (g·kg -1 ), D j is the soil bulk density of the layer of soil genus j (g·cm -3 ), E j is soil thickness of the layer of soil genus j (cm), G j is the volume percentage of gravel that is larger than 2 mm of soil genus j, and O j is the bare rock rate in the sampling area of soil genus j (%).…”

River Health Evaluation Based on the Fuzzy Matter-Element Extension Assessment Model

“…But with the rapid development of the economy, increasing human activities, and climate changes, river ecosystem health degrades day by day in many regions, represent by the sharp imbalance between water resource supply and demand, natural wetland shrinkage, serious river contamination, deductions in estuary runoff, and the disappearance of endemic fish, etc., all influence the sustainable development of nature, the economy, and society [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Hard Water and Dyeing Properties: Effect of Pre- and Post-Mordanting on Dyeing Using Eucalyptus globulus and Curcuma longa Extracts

“…It was observed that water hardness had an adverse effect on washing and rubbing fastness when fabric was dyed with both turmeric and eucalyptus extracts. Therefore, based on this study, the use of mordanting/sequestering agent is suggested to enhance the dye uptake and previous studies also revealed a similar trend that mordanting/sequestering can be used to enhance the color strength and color properties [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], and in view of current environmental pollution [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], the natural sources should be preferred to avoid a negative impact on the environment.…”

“…The data for extraction for turmeric at different times (30,60, and 90 min) is presented in Fig. 1a with various hard water as compared to control.…”