Impact of Anthropogenic CO
            <sub>2</sub>
            on the CaCO
            <sub>3</sub>
            System in the Oceans

Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Lee, Kitack; Berelson, W.; Kleypas, Joanie; Fabry, Victoria J.; Millero, Frank J.

doi:10.1126/science.1097329

Cited by 2,051 publications

(1,366 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[12] These distribution patterns were generally the same as those determined by using data collected in 1993, and those for the central Pacific (WHP P15) reported by Feely et al [2004]. Figure 1) mostly on isopycnal surfaces above the saturation horizon; negative DW arg values (i.e., decreases in the saturation state) were dominant.…”

Section: Distributions Of Caco 3 Saturation Statessupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Observed increases in CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere, together with increases in concentrations of other greenhouse gases, very likely cause so-called global warming. Although the ocean tends to moderate global warming by absorbing anthropogenic CO 2 from the atmosphere, that very absorption leads to ocean acidification [Feely et al, 2004;Orr et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decadal changes in the CaCO₃ saturation state along 179°E in the Pacific Ocean

Murata

Saito

2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] To assess degrees of ocean acidification, we mainly investigated decadal changes in the saturation state of seawater with respect to aragonite (W arg ), which is a more vulnerable mineral form of CaCO 3 , along the 179 E meridian (WOCE P14N) in the Pacific Ocean. We found a maximum decrease of W arg of À0.48 (À0.034 a À1 ) at 200-300 dbar (isopycnal surfaces of 24.0-25.8 kg m À3 ) at 20 N. Between 1993 and 2007, the saturation horizon rose by 17 dbar (1.2 dbar a À1 ) at latitudes 10 N-50 N. Although DW arg mostly reflected changes in normalized dissolved inorganic carbon (DnC T ), it was larger than could be explained by anthropogenic CO 2 storage alone. Decomposition of DnC T revealed that DW arg was enhanced by approximately 50% by a non-anthropogenic CO 2 contribution represented by changes in apparent oxygen utilization. Our results suggest that ocean acidification can be temporarily accelerated by temporal changes in oceanic conditions. Citation: Murata, A., and S. Saito (2012), Decadal changes in the CaCO 3 saturation state along

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Section: Distributions Of Caco 3 Saturation Statessupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal changes in the CaCO₃ saturation state along 179°E in the Pacific Ocean

Murata

Saito

2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Many marine organisms are very sensitive to changes in ocean CO 2 chemistry -especially those biota that use carbonate ions dissolved in the sea water to form protective calcium carbonate shells or skeletal structures. Surface ocean pH has decreased by about 0.1 pH units (corresponding to a 30% increase in hydrogen ion concentration and a 16 % decline in carbonate concentrations) since pre-industrial times (Guinotte et al 2003;Feely et al, 2004;Orr et al, 2005;Guinotte & Fabry, 2008;Doney et al, 2009). This rate of acidification is at least 100 times faster than at any other time in the last 20 million years.…”

Section: Ocean Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A safe operating space for humanity

Rockström

Steffen

Noone

et al. 2009

Nature

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9,635

5,320

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The article presents a study that investigates on the importance of identifying and quantifying planetary boundaries to prevent human activities in affecting environmental condition. The author states the industrial revolution and advancement in human civilization has caused the unstability of the environmental state that is less conducive for humans to live and affect their health condition. The author notes that planetary boundaries served a control variables to secure the safety of its citizen as well as protect the environment from shifting to dangerous levels. It also cites the different planetary boundaries, along with its impact on climate change and Earth system degradation

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“…The CaCO 3 saturation state (W) is defined as the product of the concentrations of the carbonate ion [CO 3 2− ] and the ] to the stoichiometric solubility product primarily govern the degree of CaCO 3 saturation state [Feely et al, 2004]. The saturation state of seawater for CaCO 3 is a measure of its potential to corrode the CaCO 3 shells and skeletons of marine organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea

Azetsu-Scott¹,

Clarke²,

Falkner³

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

121

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Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Ωcal) and aragonite (Ωarg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow pathway through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and into the northwestern Atlantic using dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity measurements from 2003 to 2005. The study area, a key region connecting the Arctic and the North Atlantic, includes Smith Sound, Barrow Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. The average Ωarg in the Arctic outflow was 1.18 ± 0.17 in Barrow Strait and 1.31 ± 0.14 in Smith Sound, with areas where Ωarg < 1. The Arctic outflow through the CAA has a high content of Pacific waters, which have a low saturation state. These waters can be traced along the western Baffin Bay to Davis Strait. South of Davis Strait, this outflow is modified by mixing with slope and offshore waters of Atlantic origin and with the outflow from Hudson Strait. Despite the mixing, low saturation state water can still be identified on the southern Labrador Shelf. The aragonite saturation horizon is found at ∼150 m in Barrow Strait; at 200 m in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and Hudson Strait; and at 2300 m in the Labrador Sea. This study provides baseline data of the saturation states for the waters of the CAA and the northwest Atlantic. It also illustrates the downstream evolution of low saturation state Arctic outflow in the northwest Atlantic.

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Impact of Anthropogenic CO ₂ on the CaCO ₃ System in the Oceans

Cited by 2,051 publications

References 32 publications

Decadal changes in the CaCO₃ saturation state along 179°E in the Pacific Ocean

Decadal changes in the CaCO₃ saturation state along 179°E in the Pacific Ocean

A safe operating space for humanity

Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea

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Impact of Anthropogenic CO 2 on the CaCO 3 System in the Oceans

Cited by 2,051 publications

References 32 publications

Decadal changes in the CaCO3 saturation state along 179°E in the Pacific Ocean

Decadal changes in the CaCO3 saturation state along 179°E in the Pacific Ocean

A safe operating space for humanity

Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Impact of Anthropogenic CO ₂ on the CaCO ₃ System in the Oceans

Decadal changes in the CaCO₃ saturation state along 179°E in the Pacific Ocean

Decadal changes in the CaCO₃ saturation state along 179°E in the Pacific Ocean