Impact of Awareness to Control Malaria Disease: A Mathematical Modeling Approach

Ibrahim, Malik Muhammad; Kamran, Muhammad Ahmad; Mannan, Malik Muhammad Naeem; Kim, Sangil; Jung, Il Hyo

doi:10.1155/2020/8657410

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In [23], authors have divided infected humans into aware and unaware infected human populations. Also assumed media as separate model variables whose growth is assumed as proportional to the unaware infected human population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the extent of our familiarity, there needs to be more model-based research on malaria disease dynamics with the influence of awareness campaigns [12,22,23]. In [23], a mathematical model for malaria disease was proposed to avoid the illness by separating the infected population into two groups, unaware and aware infected individuals. Authors further assumed that the growth rate of awareness programs impacting the population is proportional to the unaware infected individuals.…”

Section: Of 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical Modelling and Optimal Control of Malaria Using Awareness-Based Interventions

Basir¹,

Abraha²

2023

Preprint

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Malaria is a critical fevered illness caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted among people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Public awareness about the disease is important for the control of disease. This article proposes a mathematical model to study the dynamics of malaria disease transmission with the influence of awareness-based control interventions. We found two equilibria of the model, namely the disease-free and endemic equilibrium. Disease-free equilibrium is stable globally if basic reproduction number (R0) is less than unity (R0&lt;1). Some basic mathematical properties of the proposed model, such as nonnegativity and boundedness of solutions, the feasibility of the equilibrium points and their stability properties, have been studied. Finally, we adopted optimal control to minimize the cost of disease control and solve the problem by formulating Hamiltonian functional. The optimal use of insecticides for controlling the mosquito population is determined. Numerical simulations have been provided for the confirmation of the analytical results. We conclude that media awareness with optimal control approach is best for cost-effective malaria disease management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Of 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modelling and Optimal Control of Malaria Using Awareness-Based Interventions

Basir¹,

Abraha²

2023

Preprint

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“…We used a deterministic compartmental model to study the dynamics of malaria in the ten geographical regions of Cameroon, following the framework of [10,[33][34][35][36]. Our model considers the human and mosquito population in each region, dividing the human population into four compartments: susceptible (S h ), exposed (E h ), infectious (I h ), and recovered (R h ), and the mosquito population into two compartments: susceptible (S v ) and infected (I v ) (see Fig 1).…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variation and epidemiological insights in malaria underestimation in Cameroon

Iyaniwura,

Han,

Yong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Malaria, caused byPlasmodiumparasites and transmitted by femaleAnophelesmosquitoes, is most common in tropical regions, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite significant global effort to control and eradicate the disease, many cases and deaths are still reported yearly. These efforts are hindered by several factors, including the severe underestimation of cases and deaths, especially in Africa, making it difficult to assess the disease burden accurately. We used a mathematical model of malaria, incorporating the underestimation of cases and seasonality in mosquito biting rate, to study the disease dynamics in Cameroon. Using a Bayesian inference framework, we calibrated our model to the monthly reported malaria cases in ten regions of Cameroon from January 2019 to December 2021 to quantify the underestimation of cases and estimate other important epidemiological parameters. We performed Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components analysis to understand regional disparities, looking at underestimation rates, population sizes, healthcare personnel, and healthcare facilities per 1,000 people. We found varying levels of underestimation of cases across regions, with the East region having the lowest underestimation (14%) and the Northwest region with the highest (70%). The mosquito biting rate peaks once every year in most of the regions, except in the Northwest region where it peaks every 6.02 months and in Littoral every 15 months. We estimated a median mosquito biting rate of over five bites per day for most of the regions with Littoral having the highest (9.86 bites/day). Two regions have rates below five bites per day: Adamawa (4.78 bites/day) and East (4.64 bites/day). The notably low estimation of malaria cases in Cameroon underscore the pressing requirement to bolster reporting and surveillance systems. Regions in Cameroon display a range of unique features, which may contribute to the differing levels of malaria underestimation. These distinctions should be considered when evaluating the efficacy of community-based interventions.Author summaryWe used a deterministic mathematical model of malaria that incorporated the underestimation of cases and seasonality in the biting rate of mosquitoes to retroactively study the dynamics of the disease in Cameroon from January 2019 to December 2021.We found varying levels of underestimation of malaria cases across regions in Cameroon, with the East region having 14% underestimation and the Northwest region having 70%.We found consistent malaria-induced death rates and natural immunity duration across Cameroon. We estimated that the mosquito biting rate for the Northwest region oscillated with a period of 6.02 months, while those of the remaining regions had a period of 12 months or more. Most regions had median mosquito biting rates exceeding five bites per day, with the Littoral having the highest (9.86 bites/day). In comparison, two regions had rates below five bites per day: Adamawa (4.78 bites/day) and East (4.64 bites/day).We clustered the ten regions into four major groups using the case underestimation rate, population size, total healthcare human resources per 1,000, and total healthcare facilities per 1,000.

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“…The study of a novel non-linear mathematical model for malaria disease was proposed by Ibrahim et al in 2020. 21 Using the fundamental reproductive number R 0 , local and global stability analysis of a disease-free equilibrium was investigated; if R 0 < 1, the system is stable; else, it is unstable. Under specific circumstances, the existence of a special endemic equilibrium was also established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Analysis of Malaria and Cholera Disease by Homotopy Perturbation Method

Balaganesan

2024

JCD

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Impact of Awareness to Control Malaria Disease: A Mathematical Modeling Approach

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Mathematical Modelling and Optimal Control of Malaria Using Awareness-Based Interventions

Mathematical Modelling and Optimal Control of Malaria Using Awareness-Based Interventions

Regional variation and epidemiological insights in malaria underestimation in Cameroon

Mathematical Analysis of Malaria and Cholera Disease by Homotopy Perturbation Method

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