Impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on Human Security and the Role of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB)

Abstract

Recent history of international relations suggests that economic interdependence largely contributes to the mitigation of the major political conflicts in the world. CPEC, a flagship mega development project of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has not only initiated massive development projects in Pakistan, which will eventually help in socio-economic development of Pakistan but it will also ensure regional integration. Development of Pakistan through CPEC is desirably focused on a people centric growth model that primarily seeks to resolve the issues of human security. This paper seeks to establish the relationship between economic interdependence and regional integration with human security. Furthermore, this study looks into the role of Gilgit-Baltistan, a geographical lynchpin region, in making CPEC a successful developmental project. Findings of the study suggest that the viability and success of this mega project is highly dependent on the inclusiveness of projects in terms of engaging all stakeholders. The fruits of this mega project are expected to be positive. This is only possible if all the different dimensions of national security, i.e. social cohesion, economic development, and political stability are ensured by the state.

Poor Academic Performance of Students in Agriculture at Primary Schools in Botswana: Analysis of Causes and Ways to ImproveSom Pal Baliyan

“…Lack of libraries and laboratories was identified as the second most important cause of the students' poor performance. This finding was supported by findings of Maimela and Monyatsi (2016), Arshad et al (2018) and, Ayaz et al (2017 who reported that lack of libraries and laboratories are significant factors that influence the poor performance of students. Availability of library and laboratory in schools provide a good learning environment for students in reading, understanding content and, consequently, performing better.…”

“…Other negative factors include inadequate teaching and learning material (Asamoah, 2018); poor teaching methods (Gegbe & Koroma, 2014). failure to use instructional material, inadequate coverage of the syllabus and practical work (Ojukwu, 2015;Moyo & Maseko, 2016), shortage of tools and equipment (Tapiwa, 2021;Waithira, 2013), lack of library and laboratories (Arshad et al, 2018;Maimela & Monyatsi, 2016;Darko et al, 2016a;Ogweno, 2015); and lack of school libraries (Jato et al, 2014;Ayaz et al, 2017). Thus, these findings on the factors causing to poor performance are not conclusive and differ from country to country.…”

The Project of Cpec: Benefits and Drawbacks for Gilgit-Baltistan

“…• Due to the CPEC and interest of both countries, ten years sectarians' conflict will be end by better security. (Sikander, 2019;Beg, Baig, & Khan, 2018) • The Karakorum highway expansion occur because of CPEC, the constructing of Gilgit to Chitral Road, establishment of the phandar hydropower project in Ghizer, Karakoram international university hydro power project in Gilgit city. • The Pakistan government constructed the Diamer_Bhasha dam and china-Pakistan optical fiber project.…”

“…Their arrival there was marked as the beginning of the great game. ( Beg, Baig, & Khan, 2018). The KKH will be further developed and some new tracks will be built for swift transportation, in addition new bridges, passageways and railway tracks are also planned to build to connect both countries.…”