Impact of Elevated CO2 on Physiology and Needle Morphology of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris) Seedlings

Jach, M. E.; Ceulemans, R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8949-9_9

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Given the link between the proportion of mesophyll tissue and total chloroplast number per needle, this is an important finding, suggesting that the higher photosynthetic rate was likely to result from a larger area of mesophyll tissue. A higher photosynthetic rate under elevated CO 2 was indeed observed (Gunderson & Wullschleger, 1994; Beerling, 1997; Jach & Ceulemans, 1997;2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Stomatal density and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are affected by elevated CO₂

2001

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• Morphological and anatomical characteristics of needles from different whorl levels were examined on Scots pines ( Pinus sylvestris ), grown for 4 yr under either ambient or elevated (ambient + 400 µ mol mol -1 ) CO 2 concentrations in open-top chambers.• Needle characteristics were studied using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy.• Under the elevated CO 2 treatment stomatal density was reduced on both adaxial and abaxial needle surfaces although the number of rows of stomata did not change significantly. Needle cross-sectional area increased by 10%; this was largely the result of an increase in needle thickness and, to a lesser extent, needle width. The increase in needle thickness was due to a large increase in mesophyll tissue. The relative area (i.e. proportion of the total area) of epidermis plus hypodermis, of resin canal, of xylem and of central cylinder decreased, whereas the relative area of needle phloem significantly increased.• The results suggest that a prolonged exposure to elevated CO 2 has an effect on needle structure, anatomical and stomatal characteristics of Scots pine needles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Stomatal density and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are affected by elevated CO₂

2001

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“…by 15 cm deep) were taken on January 18, 2000, in four open‐top fumigation chambers (OTCs, Macathesm, Meslin‐l'Eveque, Belgium) at the campus of the University of Antwerp (UIA). Each decagonal OTC (3 m dia., 4 m height) had been planted in March 1996 with 11 three‐year‐old, pot grown, dormant Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L) seedlings in a circular pattern (Jach & Ceulemans, 1997; Jach & Ceulemans, 1999; Jach et al ., 2000). Before planting, the original heavy loam soil was excavated to a depth of 0.5 m and replaced with a poor forest soil (about 0.12% N on a dry mass basis).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ in open top chambers increases net nitrification and potential denitrification

Carnol

Hogenboom

Jach

et al. 2002

Global Change Biology

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The control of soil nitrogen (N) availability under elevated atmospheric CO2 is central to predicting changes in ecosystem carbon (C) storage and primary productivity. The effects of elevated CO2 on belowground processes have so far attracted limited research and they are assumed to be controlled by indirect effects through changes in plant physiology and chemistry. In this study, we investigated the effects of a 4‐year exposure to elevated CO2 (ambient + 400 µmol mol−1) in open top chambers under Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L) seedlings on soil microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification. Potential denitrification (DP) and potential N2O emissions were significantly higher in soils from the elevated CO2 treatment, probably regulated indirectly by the changes in soil conditions (increased pH, C availability and NO3– production). Net N mineralization was mainly accounted for by nitrate production. Nitrate production was significantly larger for soil from the elevated CO2 treatment in the field when incubated in the laboratory under elevated CO2 (increase of 100%), but there was no effect when incubated under ambient CO2. Net nitrate production of the soil originating from the ambient CO2 treatment in the field was not influenced by laboratory incubation conditions. These results indicate that a direct effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil microbial processes might take place. We hypothesize that physiological adaptation or selection of nitrifiers could occur under elevated CO2 through higher soil CO2 concentrations. Alternatively, lower microbial NH4 assimilation under elevated CO2 might explain the higher net nitrification. We conclude that elevated atmospheric CO2 has a major direct effect on the soil microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification despite generally higher soil CO2 concentrations compared to atmospheric concentrations.

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“…The walls of the OTC's were inserted 0.5 m in the soil to prevent in‐growth of roots from outside the OTCs. A more detailed description of the experimental design, including results of needle physiology and morphology, has been given elsewhere (Jach & Ceulemans 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ increases fine root production, respiration, rhizosphere respiration and soil CO₂ efflux in Scots pine seedlings

Janssens

Crookshanks

Taylor

et al. 1998

Global Change Biology

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In this study, we investigated the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 (ambient + 350 μmol mol–1) on fine root production and respiration in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. After six months exposure to elevated CO2, root production measured by root in‐growth bags, showed significant increases in mean total root length and biomass, which were more than 100% greater compared to the ambient treatment. This increased root length may have lead to a more intensive soil exploration. Chemical analysis of the roots showed that the roots in the elevated treatment accumulated more starch and had a lower C/N‐ratio. Specific root respiration rates were significantly higher in the elevated treatment and this was probably attributed to increased nitrogen concentrations in the roots. Rhizospheric respiration and soil CO2 efflux were also enhanced in the elevated treatment. These results clearly indicate that under elevated atmospheric CO2 root production and development in Scots pine seedlings is altered and respiratory carbon losses through the root system are increased.

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Impact of Elevated CO2 on Physiology and Needle Morphology of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris) Seedlings

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Stomatal density and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are affected by elevated CO₂

Stomatal density and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are affected by elevated CO₂

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ in open top chambers increases net nitrification and potential denitrification

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ increases fine root production, respiration, rhizosphere respiration and soil CO₂ efflux in Scots pine seedlings

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Impact of Elevated CO2 on Physiology and Needle Morphology of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris) Seedlings

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Stomatal density and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are affected by elevated CO2

Stomatal density and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are affected by elevated CO2

Elevated atmospheric CO2 in open top chambers increases net nitrification and potential denitrification

Elevated atmospheric CO2 increases fine root production, respiration, rhizosphere respiration and soil CO2 efflux in Scots pine seedlings

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Stomatal density and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are affected by elevated CO₂

Stomatal density and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are affected by elevated CO₂

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ in open top chambers increases net nitrification and potential denitrification

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ increases fine root production, respiration, rhizosphere respiration and soil CO₂ efflux in Scots pine seedlings