“…A recent development in dynamic modelling is the integration of the time-varying-parameter (TVP) technique and the causal structural time series model (Song, Li, Witt, & Athanasopoulos, 2011), which combines the technical advantages of both methods and shows superior forecasting performance. Recently, a new cointegration-error correction method-the bound test of Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001)-has been applied to tourism (e.g., Halicioglu, 2010;Song, Lin, Witt, & Zhang, 2011). This is a test to detect the long-run co-integration relationship among variables in a demand model.…”