Impact of inducing general anesthesia with Propiscin (etomidate) on the physiology and health of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.)

Abstract

The aim of the study was to describe the course and timing of the different stages of anesthesia induced with Propiscin (etomidate) on juvenile European perch (experiment I) and to describe the effect of immersing specimens of this species had on selected hematological and biochemical parameters (experiment II). The study was conducted on material with body weights (BW) of 162.98 (experiment I) and 171.60 g (experiment II). In experiment I, general anesthesia was induced with two different anesthetic concentrations (1 or 2 ml l−1; anesthesia time 10 min). In experiment II, blood was drawn for hematological and biochemical analyses from the fish that had been exposed to anesthetic immersion baths with two different concentrations of Propiscin (1 and 2 ml l−1) and for different exposure times (3 and 10 min). Blood samples were collected immediately following immersion (0 h) and 24 h later (24 h). Specimens that were immersed at the higher concentration of anesthetic achieved subsequent stages of general anesthesia two times faster (P ≤ 0.05). However, during recovery, some statistically significant differences were observed, but these lasted only until stage I was achieved. Among the hematological parameters (0 h), significant differences were observed in hematocrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), while among the biochemical determinations (0 h), statistically significant differences were noted in the concentrations of glucose, calcium, lactate, and ammonia. After 24 h, the levels of these parameters in all fish groups returned to initial values. The hematological and biochemical tests conducted permit concluding that the anesthetic tested, at the concentrations (1 and 2 ml l−1) and the exposure times of up to 10 min at which it was tested, is safe and can be used successfully to induce general anesthesia in perch.

Impact of inducing general anaesthesia with MS‐222 on haematological and biochemical parameters of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)

“…Details are provided in 'Section 2.2.' and Table 1 Parameter ( respiration with the simultaneous occurrence of a stress reaction (Phuong et al, 2017;Rożyński, Demska-Zakęś, Sikora, & Zakęś, 2018). A similar dependence was observed in striped catfish (BW 700-1000 g) subjected to immersion in a buffered MS-222 water solution at a concentration of 100 mg/L that lasted until general anaesthesia was attained.…”

“…and Table 1 Parameter ( respiration with the simultaneous occurrence of a stress reaction (Phuong et al, 2017;Rożyński, Demska-Zakęś, Sikora, & Zakęś, 2018). Details are provided in 'Section 2.2.'…”

“…Significantly elevated levels of lactates in the blood of fish is noted most frequently during anaerobic exercise or following hypoxia (Wood, McMahon, & McDonald, ). The lactate level that was more than a dozen times higher in pikeperch immediately after they had been immersed for 10 min in all four groups exposed to the MS‐222 water solution (0 hr) is undoubtedly the result of the disruption of gas exchange caused by decelerated blood flow and respiration with the simultaneous occurrence of a stress reaction (Phuong et al, ; Rożyński, Demska‐Zakęś, Sikora, & Zakęś, ). A similar dependence was observed in striped catfish (BW 700–1000 g) subjected to immersion in a buffered MS‐222 water solution at a concentration of 100 mg/L that lasted until general anaesthesia was attained.…”

Influence of brief immersion in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and/or copper sulphate on pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) blood parameters

“…The increased glucose levels in blood plasma observed in the present study in all groups of pikeperch immediately following the conclusion of immersion is a commonly occurring body response to stressors (Hoseini and Tarkhani, 2013;Sopinka et al, 2016;Rożyński et al, 2018). Increased levels of this compound in the blood in response to stress occurs to provide the body with additional energy that permits it to contend with disruptions associated with the stress response (Wendelaar Bonga, 1997).…”

ANESTHETIC EFFICACY OF CLOVE OIL AND 2-PHENOXYETHANOL ON DOCTOR FISH, <i>Garra rufa</i> (HECKEL, 1843)

“…A good anesthetic agent for fish should induce anesthesia even at low concentrations in less than 3 min and allow recovery within 5 min, should also be cheap and easy to use (Marking and Meyer, 1985;Kizak et al, 2018). The major synthetic anesthetics used in aquaculture are 2-phenoxyethanol (Priborsky and Velisek, 2018), tricaine methanesulphonate (MS-222) and metomidate (Weber et al, 2009), benzocaine (Gökçek et al, 2016), etomidate (Rożyński et al, 2018), propofol and quinaldine sulphate (Priborsky and Velisek, 2018), and ketamine hydrochloride (Adel et al, 2016). Some plant originated essential oils such as basil and lemongrass (Limma-Netto et al, 2016), camphor (Pedrazzani and Neto, 2016), spearmint and lavender (Metin et al, 2015), Myrcia sylvatica and Curcuma longa (Saccol et al, 2017), Aloysia triphylla (Batista et al, 2018), Lippia alba (Souza et al, 2018) rosewood (Kizak et al, 2018), geranium (Can et al, 2018), and clove (Javahery et al, 2012;Cunha et al, 2015;Fujimoto et al, 2018;Mitjana et al, 2018) have recently been studied as potential anesthetic agents in aquaculture.…”