Impact of litter size, supplementary milk replacer and housing on the body composition of piglets from hyper-prolific sows at weaning

Kobek‐Kjeldager, Cecilie; Moustsen, V.A.; Pedersen, Lene Juul; Theil, Peter Kappel

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2020.100007

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This was shown for AR pigs fed a soy-based formula as well (36). Ultimately, the data in the present metaanalysis are supported by recent publications demonstrating similar growth between artificially-and sow-reared pigs (35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Rearing Environment and Sex Differencessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Early reports ( 10 ) suggested that pigs fed a milk replacer (PND 19–25) exhibited growth that exceeded that of suckling (i.e., sow-reared) pigs. More recent studies have shown that pigs fed milk replacer ( 35 , 36 ), or even a combination of milk replacer and suckling ( 37 ), exhibit similar growth as compared to sow-reared pigs. This was shown for AR pigs fed a soy-based formula as well ( 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model

Donovan

et al. 2021

Front. Pediatr.

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Objectives: The pig is a common model utilized to support substantiation of novel bioactive components in infant formula. However, reference ranges for outcomes to determine safety are unclear. Our objective was to use historical data to objectively define typical body and organ growth metrics of the domesticated pig in research.Methods: Twenty-two studies were compiled to assess typical growth of body and organ weights in young pigs. Metadata were organized to include milk replacer sources, bioactive components, sex, breed, source of herd, feeding regimen, and rearing environment. A combination of statistical models including simple linear regression and linear mixed effect models were used to assess typical growth patterns.Results: Over 18,000 data points from 786 animals were available. In general, minimal differences in the growth of pigs who were male and female, artificially- or sow-reared, or fed ad libitum- or by scheduled-feeding, were observed in the first 30 days of life (P > 0.05). A weight-for-age chart from reference pigs was developed to compare body weights of pigs demonstrating growth characterized as accelerated, typical, reduced, and failure to thrive to illustrate effects of dietary interventions. Distributions of relative brain, liver, and intestine weights (as % of total body weight) were similar between rearing environments and sexes. An alternative bivariate level approach was utilized for the analysis of organ weights. This approach revealed significant biologically-relevant insights into how deficient diets can affect organ weight that a univariate level assessment of weight distribution was unable to detect.Conclusions: Ultimately, these data can be used to better interpret whether bioactive ingredients tested in the pig model affect growth and development within typical reference values for pigs in the first 30 days of life.

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Section: Rearing Environment and Sex Differencessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model

Donovan

et al. 2021

Front. Pediatr.

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“…Compared with high birth weight group piglets, low birth weight group piglets presented a higher protein deposition efficiency ( Van der Peet-Schwering et al., 2021 ; van der Peet-Schwering et al., 2020 ). One study suggested that a smaller litter size benefited fat and protein deposition ( Kobek-Kjeldager et al., 2021 ). A different study demonstrated that protein deposition occurred regardless of the surrounding temperature, while fat deposition was influenced by the temperature of the environment ( Le Dividich et al., 1980 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, wolves' fat content in the spring is higher than in summer and autumn ( Hilderbrand and Golden, 2013 ). Further, when the litter size reduces from 17 to 14, weaned piglets' ADG and body fat content increase ( Kobek-Kjeldager et al., 2021 ). In addition, gut microbiota and its byproducts, SCFA, are thought to play an essential role in body nutrient deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sex on fat deposition through gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in weaned pigs

Yao,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Animal Nutrition

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“…Creep feeding is used for early gut training and acceptance of solid feed to ease the transition from sow milk to a plant-based diet, as well as to stimulate piglet’s feed intake post-weaning and change the gut microbiota toward microbes that utilize plant carbohydrates and proteins ( 6 ). Nevertheless, creep feed intake can be low and piglets can suffer from gut disorders and reduced nutrient absorption due to villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in the early post-weaning period ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into the temporal dynamics in the gut microbiome, metabolite signaling, immune response, and barrier function in suckling and weaned piglets under production conditions

Lerch,

Yosi,

Vötterl

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Little information is available on age- and creep-feeding-related microbial and immune development in neonatal piglets. Therefore, we explored age- and gut-site-specific alterations in the microbiome, metabolites, histo-morphology, and expression of genes for microbial signaling, as well as immune and barrier function in suckling and newly weaned piglets that were receiving sow milk only or were additionally offered creep feed from day of life (DoL) 10. The experiment was conducted in two replicate batches. Creep feed intake was estimated at the litter level. Piglets were weaned on day 28 of life. Gastric and cecal digesta and jejunal and cecal tissue were collected on DoL 7, 14, 21, 28, 31, and 35 for microbial and metabolite composition, histomorphology, and gene expression. In total, results for 10 piglets (n = 5/sex) per dietary group (sow milk only versus additional creep feed) were obtained for each DoL. The creep feed intake was low at the beginning and only increased in the fourth week of life. Piglets that were fed creep feed had less lactate and acetate in gastric digesta on DoL 28 compared to piglets fed sow milk only (p < 0.05). Age mainly influenced the gastric and cecal bacteriome and cecal mycobiome composition during the suckling phase, whereas the effect of creep feeding was small. Weaning largely altered the microbial communities. For instance, it reduced gastric Lactobacillaceae and cecal Bacteroidaceae abundances and lowered lactate and short-chain fatty acid concentrations on DoL 31 (p < 0.05). Jejunal and cecal expression of genes related to microbial and metabolite signaling, and innate immunity showed age-related patterns that were highest on DoL 7 and declined until DoL 35 (p < 0.05). Weaning impaired barrier function and enhanced antimicrobial secretion by lowering the expression of tight junction proteins and stimulating goblet cell recruitment in the jejunum and cecum (p < 0.05). Results indicated that age-dependent alterations, programmed genetically and by the continuously changing gut microbiome, had a strong impact on the expression of genes for gut barrier function, integrity, innate immunity, and SCFA signaling, whereas creep feeding had little influence on the microbial and host response dynamics at the investigated gut sites.

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Impact of litter size, supplementary milk replacer and housing on the body composition of piglets from hyper-prolific sows at weaning

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model

Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model

Effects of sex on fat deposition through gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in weaned pigs

An insight into the temporal dynamics in the gut microbiome, metabolite signaling, immune response, and barrier function in suckling and weaned piglets under production conditions

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