Impact of Polymer-Bound Iodine on Fibronectin Adsorption and Osteoblast Cell Morphology in Radiopaque Medical Polymers: Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate Blends as a Model System

Abstract

Imaging of polymer implants during surgical implantations is challenging in that most materials lack sufficient X-ray contrast. Synthetic derivatization with iodine serves to increase the scattering contrast but results in distinct physico-chemical properties in the material which influence subsequent protein adsorption and cell morphology behavior. Herein we report the impact of increasing iodine inclusion on the cell morphology (cell area and shape) of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts on a series of homopolymers and discrete blend thin films of poly(desaminotyrosyl tyrosine ethyl ester carbonate), poly(DTE carbonate) and an iodinated analogue poly(I2-DTE carbonate). Cell morphology is correlated to film chemical composition via measuring Fibronectin (FN) adhesion protein adsorption profile on these films. FN exhibits up to 2 fold greater adsorption affinity for poly(I2-DTE carbonate) than (poly(DTE carbonate)). A correlation was established between cell area, roundness and the measured FN adsorption profile on the blend films up to 75 % by mass poly(I2-DTE carbonate). Data suggest that incorporation of iodine within the polymer backbone has a distinct impact on the way FN proteins adsorb to the surface and within the studied blend systems; the effect is composition dependent.

Electrospun Mats from Styrene/Maleic Anhydride Copolymers: Modification with Amines and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity

“…In the spectra of Jeffamine‐grafted mats containing complex‐bound iodine, the appearance of the I 3d peak (I 3d5/2 at 618.4 eV and I 3d3/2 at 629.8 eV, with a relative intensity of 3:2) was observed [Figure 3(j) and (n)]. The observed peaks are close to the binding energy of 619.0 eV and 630.5 eV of the peaks I 3d5/2 and I 3d3/2 , respectively, as detected by other authors for iodine complexes 41. Moreover, these peaks are close to the binding energies attributed to the molecular I 2 , coordinated with ethyl cellulose 42.…”

“…The observed peaks are close to the binding energy of 619.0 eV and 630.5 eV of the peaks I 3d5/2 and I 3d3/2 , respectively, as detected by other authors for iodine complexes. [41] Moreover, these peaks are close to the binding energies attributed to the molecular I 2 , coordinated with ethyl cellulose. [42] The presence of I 3d peaks proved additionally the formation of iodine complexes in the surface layer of the Jeffamine-grafted mats.…”

Iodine Immobilized Metal–Organic Framework for NIR‐Triggered Antibacterial Therapy on Orthopedic Implants

“…For instance, Aamer et al reported that incorporation of iodine within the poly(desaminotyrosyl tyrosine ethyl ester carbonate) polymer adsorbed more fibronectin. [ 50 ] The fibronectin might provide a matrix assembly site for collagen type I deposition, leading to a promotion in osteogenesis. [ 45 ] Although the exact mechanism of the role of iodine during osseointegration remains unclear, positive influence on implant osseointegration of iodine has been found both in vitro and in vivo, which is partially consistent with literature.…”

Synthesis and conjugation of a triiodohydroxylamine for the preparation of highly X‐ray opaque poly(ε‐caprolactone) materials

“…Within the scope of X‐ray opaque materials, a survey of recent literature features synthetic polymers that exhibit X‐ray contrast resulting from the tunable iodine content of the materials prepared. Some of the promising methods for the addition of iodine to materials utilize covalently‐bound iodine, such as (1) polymerization of iodine‐containing functional monomers into polymers, and (2) post‐polymerization modification of prepared polymers with iodine or iodine‐containing small molecules . Our lab, alongside others in the field, has focused on the second approach, and our strategy hinges on the synthesis and post‐functionalization of iodinated hydroxylamines to ketone‐containing polymers for the preparation of novel X‐ray opaque materials via oxime chemistry …”