Impact of purification on physicochemical, surface and functional properties of okra biopolymer

Abstract

The functionality of plant-resourced biopolymers depends on their physicochemical properties. In addition, the extraction protocol and further processing conditions can significantly affect the effectiveness of biopolymer in diverse industrial applications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of purification on chemical composition, molecular arrangement, solubility, swelling, erosion, wettability, quantitative wetting kinetics, surface energy and three-dimensional (3D) surface texture properties of okra biopolymer and its compacted form. FTIR and XRD results confirmed that the purification process had no effect on the molecular structural arrangement. The highest purity grade (bi-purified okra biopolymer) had the highest sugar content, solubility, matrix tablet swelling, wettability and surface energy, although the surface porosity and roughness of matrix tablet were low. Okra biopolymer showed pH-dependent solubility and the maximum solubility was achieved at pH 7.4. The mechanism of swelling of less-purified matrices was anomalous, where the rate of water diffusion and polymer relaxation was of the same magnitude, whereas bi-purified matrices showed diffusion-controlled swelling. Wetting was absorption-controlled and the bi-purified biopolymer had a high degree of wetting and surface energy. The extraction method, therefore, has a major influence on the properties and the subsequent drug delivery, biotechnology and food science applications for the biopolymer.

Red Lentil (Lens culinaris) Extract as a Novel Natural Coagulant for Turbidity Reduction: An Evaluation, Characterization and Performance Optimization Study

“…A band in the region around 1549-1540 cm −1 shows the presence of C=O functional group. The peaks between 1000-1200 cm −1 were associated with the stretching of C-O in aromatic compounds of galactose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid [20] and -OH of polysaccharide [19]. The presence of various of functional groups especially hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups in lentil extract reveals its potential to adsorb a wide range of contaminant which could aids in the turbidity reduction.…”

Probing the Impact of Porosity on Swelling Kinetics of Hydrophilic Matrices

“…This might be attributed to the higher osmotic stress within the compact. However, a higher overall porosity (in case of PEO) the might lead to less matrix tortuosity impacting water capturing capacity (Ghori et al, 2017). …”

“…The liquid imbibition into these CHMs is strongly affected by the tablet porosity. Commonly, a higher overall porosity leads to rapid penetration of liquid molecules in comparison to lower overall porosity thus impacting on the swelling behaviour (Ghori et al, 2017). Therefore, the objective of present study was to investigate the impact of porosity on the swelling kinetics of HPMC and PEO matrices.…”

Optimized Use of Ferric Chloride and Sesbania Seed Gum (SSG) as Sustainable Coagulant Aid for Turbidity Reduction in Drinking Water Treatment

“…Lastly, the peaks found between 1200-1000 cm −1 are postulated to be C-O stretch in aromatic compounds of galactose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid [22]. The functional group results were similar to okra carbohydrate molecule, where the chemical structure exhibited methyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl functional groups [23]. The presence of various functional groups, especially hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups in SSG, revealed its potential as a good natural coagulant aid for turbidity reduction.…”