Impact of Resistant Starch on Body Fat Patterning and Central Appetite Regulation

Abstract

BackgroundAdipose tissue patterning has a major influence on the risk of developing chronic disease. Environmental influences on both body fat patterning and appetite regulation are not fully understood. This study was performed to investigate the impact of resistant starch (RS) on adipose tissue deposition and central regulation of appetite in mice.Methodology and Principle FindingsForty mice were randomised to a diet supplemented with either the high resistant starch (HRS), or the readily digestible starch (LRS). Using 1H magnetic resonance (MR) methods, whole body adiposity, intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL) and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were measured. Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) was used to investigate neuronal activity in hypothalamic regions involved in appetite control when fed ad libitum. At the end of the interventional period, adipocytes were isolated from epididymal adipose tissue and fasting plasma collected for hormonal and adipokine measurement. Mice on the HRS and LRS diet had similar body weights although total body adiposity, subcutaneous and visceral fat, IHCL, plasma leptin, plasma adiponectin plasma insulin/glucose ratios was significantly greater in the latter group. Adipocytes isolated from the LRS group were significantly larger and had lower insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. MEMRI data obtained from the ventromedial and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei suggests a satiating effect of the HRS diet despite a lower energy intake.Conclusion and SignificanceDietary RS significantly impacts on adipose tissue patterning, adipocyte morphology and metabolism, glucose and insulin metabolism, as well as affecting appetite regulation, supported by changes in neuronal activity in hypothalamic appetite regulation centres which are suggestive of satiation.

Fiber Treating Metabolic Syndrome

“…While mean body weights were comparable among both groups, lean body mass was higher in the high RS group. The high RS group also exhibited lowers visceral, subcutaneous, and intra hepatocellular fat content when compared to the low RS group [97,99]. The lower visceral fat level observed in these studies is of utmost importance regarding MS since excessive visceral fat causes CO.…”

“…Nevertheless, all conditions of MS should be taken seriously and attempted to be alleviated as they are thought to work in synergistic fashion to markedly increase incidence of T2DM and/or CVD. the brain while the low RS diet showed a fasted state instead, suggesting RS as a factor in controlling hunger [97].…”

“…Positive changes in body composition may aid in the prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome as increased skeletal muscle mass may have protective qualities against MS [98]. Rodents fed a low or high RS chow had substantial differences in body composition, favoring the anti-obesity effects of high RS intake [97,99]. While mean body weights were comparable among both groups, lean body mass was higher in the high RS group.…”

Uji Efektivitas Beras Herbal Forte terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (Study of the Herbal Rice Forte Effectiveness on Decreasing Blood Glucose of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patient)

“…Penelitian sebelumnya melaporkan bahwa pemberian RS pada tikus secara signifikan memberi dampak terhadap metabolisme lipid, memengaruhi regulasi nafsu makan yang disebabkan oleh perubahan aktivitas neuronal dalam pusat pengatur nafsu makan hipotalamik yang memberikan sugesti kenyang [16]. RS dapat meningkatkan rasa kenyang karena mampu meningkatkan ekspresi genetik penstimulasi rasa kenyang yang dihubungkan pada hormon GLP-1 d a n P Y Y d a l a m u s u s b e s a r. Penelitian sebelumnya juga melaporkan bahwa RS secara signifikan mencegah peningkatan berat badan dalam jangka waktu yang lama [17].…”

Study of Development Resistant Starch Contained in Food Ingredients as Prebiotic Source

“…Peningkatan masa feses memengaruhi berbagai agen genotoksik dalam usus besar, sehingga mereduksi kerusakan DNA dalam sel kolon (Toma & Pokrotnieks 2006). So et al (2007) melaporkan pemberian RS3 pada tikus secara signifikan memberi dampak terhadap metabolisme lipid, memengaruhi regulasi nafsu makan yang disebabkan oleh perubahan aktivitas neuronal dalam pusat pengatur nafsu makan hipotalamik yang memberikan sugesti kenyang. Menurut Okoniewska dan Witwer (2007) RS3 dapat meningkatkan rasa kenyang karena mampu meningkatkan ekspresi genetik penstimulasi rasa kenyang yang dihubungkan pada hormon GLP-1 dan PYY dalam usus besar.…”