Impact of the 4 Helix Model on the Sustainability of Tourism Social Entrepreneurships in Jalisco and Nayarit, Mexico

Abstract

Given the uncertain outlook caused by COVID-19, it is important to carry out a review of the conditions in which the collective enterprises are influenced by the four helix model, specifically those dedicated to the sector most affected by the pandemic, tourism, for which raises the question: What have been the results of the four helix model in the social tourism entrepreneurships (STE) of Jalisco and Nayarit? In addition to: the participation of the actors of the four helix model has contributed to face the repercussions of COVID-19? The objective is to identify stakeholder input from the core elements of the four helix model and sustainability to the STEs during COVID-19. The methodology used was qualitative and involved the comparison of information from 12 key stakeholders from the government, social, academic and private sectors through Atlas.ti-8. Some results indicate that from the perception of the participants interviewed, the COVID-19 crisis has promoted innovation, support, and incentives among the four helixes, in which the STEs have benefited. As conclusions, the four helix model is functional to face the adversities of COVID-19 as long as there is planning within the entrepreneurships and the link with said model helix participants.

Exploring the Potential of Open Innovation for Co-Creation in Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Literature Review

“…One of the reasons why open innovation processes are promoted is to collaborate with other actors, especially during times of crisis (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) (Corvello et al 2023;Markovic et al 2021;Radziwon et al 2022). In this context, one of the strategies mentioned most frequently was the transformation of the economic model towards a more sustainable one, which not only aims for the company's continuity but is also oriented towards the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and incorporates social and environmental elements (Allal-Chérif et al 2023;Prijadi et al 2022;Grama-Vigouroux et al 2023;Espinoza-Sánchez et al 2022;Del-Aguila-Arcentales et al 2022;Naz et al 2020;Rauter et al 2019). On the other hand, strategies such as crowdsourcing, which involves seeking ideas or solutions from a large group of people, often facilitated online (Gaofeng 2019;Pohlisch 2020;Taylor and Joshi 2019;Chu et al 2019); crowdfunding, which involves raising funds for a project by collecting small contributions from many individuals (Vrontis et al 2021;Troise et al 2020); and the development of networking spaces to promote idea sharing (Bednář and Danko 2020;Prijadi et al 2022), including the use of social networks (Sánchez-García et al 2022;Latifah et al 2022;Vrontis et al 2021), have also been employed.…”

“…Cooperative endeavors facilitate the exchange of information and assets, leading to cost reduction and heightened effectiveness for all participating entities. Another benefit is the creation of networking relationships that facilitate innovation development (Sánchez-García et al 2022;Espinoza-Sánchez et al 2022;Rosenow-Gerhard 2021;Chu et al 2019) in formal and informal ways (Del Sarto et al 2022;Arndt et al 2021). Through open innovation, SMEs can also foster a culture of continuous learning and improvement.…”

Hexa Helix: Kolaborasi Quadruple Helix Dan Quintuple Helix Innovation Sebagai Solusi Untuk Pemulihan Ekonomi Pasca Covid-19

“…Kolaborasi dan sinergi para aktor QH dan QHI tetap menjadi syarat yang dipertimbangkan karena skema kerja sama inovasi, interaksi dan adaptasi bersinergi dengan baik harus terjalin, sesuai peran ganda para aktor dalam helix baik otoritas publik/ agregator, para pemangku kepentingan lainnya juga dipahami memiliki peran ganda baik sebagai inkubator, akselerator sesuai dengan otoritas dan perannya masing-masing bahkan bisa menjadi buyer dan user. Pada praktinya sinergi dan kolaborasi para aktor dalam helix masing-masing memiliki peran ganda berkelanjutan dalam kolaborasi (Espinoza-Sánchez et al, 2022). Maka, kondisi demikian akan berpotensi memeperkuat UMKM kembali bangkit memiliki daya saing tinggi, hingga pada akhirnya skema kerjasama ini mampu mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional yang memiliki daya saing global.…”

Governmental Strategies and Policies in the Projection of Smart Tourist Destination: An Approach to the Conceptual and Theoretical Qualitative Analysis

“…This means that tourism development is promoted in different economies as a strategy for achieving economic development and remedying deficits. Therefore, government policies have advocated tourism as a central axis to structure development between economic activities, but at the same time, as one of the elements or factors of environmental protection since its effective implementation can prevent negative aspects, such as degradation and even the loss of naturals ecosystems, as with those caused by the traditional activities of the agriculture sector [1][2][3].…”

“…Trips were interrupted due to the closure of airports, many recreational centers were closed, and people were afraid of being in crowded places. Current tourism trends, under the sanitation protocols after the pandemic, seek to offer complete and genuine experiences that make the heritage, identity, and culture of the destination known [1,7,8].…”