The linear economic model consumes large amounts of energy and resources, but the limits on its physical capacity are being reached. The circular economy (CE), conversely, is reparative and regenerative; it aims to ensure that products, components, and resources maintain their usefulness and value. Tourism is a generator of wealth and employment worldwide (9.8% of world GDP and 9.1% of world employment), but it also contributes to a variety of environmental problems all over the world. Reducing the negative impacts of the practices of the tourism sector is essential. Therefore, implementing CE practices in this sector is crucial for producing changes that benefit the environment to reach the goal of sustainable development. The objective of this research was to explore the tourism sector knowledge of a CE and the actual implementation of its practices in Puerto Vallarta, and to determine companies´ willingness to design a transition to the CE. Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, is a national tourist destination that ranks among the top three places in the country in terms of the number of tourist visitors, and therefore tourism is the basis of the local economy. A questionnaire was designed to collect information about attitudes and motives, which was answered by key informants from 64 tourism companies. The results show an incipient knowledge about the CE concept. However, companies conducting environmental activities, such as reducing consumption of fossil fuels and improving treatment of waste, indirectly generate a positive impact on the environment. In conclusion, Puerto Vallarta is prepared to implement the CE.

Recibido: 4 de abril del 2015 Aprobado: 7 de mayo del 2015Cómo citar este artículo: López-Fletes, C., Chávez-Dagostino, R., Davydova-Belitskaya, V. y Cornejo-Ortega, J. L. (2015). Percepción de la población costera de Jalisco, México, sobre el cambio climático. Memorias, 13(23), 81-91. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/ me.v13i23.1151 Resumen Introducción: como consecuencia de la política de desarrollo en los Planes Estatales (Municipales) de Acción ante Cambio Climático en México, es obligatorio el estudio de impactos de cambio climático, así como la percepción de la población cobra vital importancia con el fin de elaborar estrategias de mitigación y adaptación. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar la percepción de la población en los municipios costeros de Jalisco ante esta problemática ambiental. Metodología: esta se basa en el análisis subjetivo e individual de la percepción sobre el cambio climático, desde la aplicación de encuestas a los habitantes de la región de estudio. Resultados: la mayoría de los encuestados percibe un aumento en la temperatura y conoce el término "cambio climático". Sin embargo, pocos consideran que sus efectos afectarán su vida cotidiana. Este hecho puede dificultar las acciones locales y regionales para la adaptación y mitigación del cambio climático. Conclusiones: solo la participación de tres niveles unidos (gobierno federal, gobierno estatal y sociedad) permitirá un exitoso cumplimiento de estas acciones. Finalmente, la población costera de tipo rural reconoce más el término de "cambio climático" y lo asocia con algún impacto en su comunidad, a diferencia de la urbana del municipio de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco.Palabras clave: adaptación, cambio climático, costas de Jalisco, deshielo, mitigación. Perception of the coastal town of Jalisco, Mexico on climate change Abstract Introduction: As a result of the development policy in State (Municipal) Action Plans for Climate Change in Mexico, it is mandatory to study the impacts of climate change, and the perception of the population is vital to develop mitigation and adaptation strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the perception of the population in coastal municipalities of the state of Jalisco concerning this environmental problem. Methodology: This is based on subjective and individual analysis of perception on climate change by surveying inhabitants of the studied region. Results: Most respondents perceive an increase in temperature and know the term climate change. Yet, few believe that its effects will impact their daily lives. This situation may hinder local and regional actions for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. Conclusions: Only the participation of three levels together (federal government, state government, and society) will allow successful completion of these actions. Finally, the coastal rural population do recognize the term climate change and associate it with some impacts on its community, unlike the urban population in the municipality of Puerto Vallarta, ...

Whale watching has become a globally important ecotourism activity due to its economic and conservation potential. The predictable presence of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and consequent popularity of whale watching in Bahía de Banderas, near Puerto Vallarta on the Pacific coast of Mexico, throughout the winter months has resulted in a successful private and community-based whale-watching industry in. While private whale watching companies are operated as commercial, larger scale businesses, community-based whale watching operates with less financial resources and experience in tourism affairs. How do these two different approaches meet the needs of tourists and contribute to conservation? This paper compares whale watching tourists' satisfaction between private and community-based platforms. During 2013-2014, a questionnaire survey was administered to whale watching tourists aboard private (n=246) and community-based vessels (n=101) using the intercept method. Whale watchers from both types of companies reported high satisfaction in environmental education. There appeared to be a different demand for the two types of companies, as a greater proportion of Mexican nationals and those who had been whale watching previously chose to go whale watching on community-based vessels.

Given the uncertain outlook caused by COVID-19, it is important to carry out a review of the conditions in which the collective enterprises are influenced by the four helix model, specifically those dedicated to the sector most affected by the pandemic, tourism, for which raises the question: What have been the results of the four helix model in the social tourism entrepreneurships (STE) of Jalisco and Nayarit? In addition to: the participation of the actors of the four helix model has contributed to face the repercussions of COVID-19? The objective is to identify stakeholder input from the core elements of the four helix model and sustainability to the STEs during COVID-19. The methodology used was qualitative and involved the comparison of information from 12 key stakeholders from the government, social, academic and private sectors through Atlas.ti-8. Some results indicate that from the perception of the participants interviewed, the COVID-19 crisis has promoted innovation, support, and incentives among the four helixes, in which the STEs have benefited. As conclusions, the four helix model is functional to face the adversities of COVID-19 as long as there is planning within the entrepreneurships and the link with said model helix participants.

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