Impact of Viral Hemorrhagic Disease on a Wild Population of European Rabbits in France

Marchandeau, Stéphane; Chantal, J.; Portejole, Yves; Barraud, Sébastien; Chaval, Yannick

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-34.3.429

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…During an outbreak that occurred in 1995 in France, a high mortality was recorded despite a high proportion of rabbits carrying RHDV antibodies, revealed by VP60-RHDV ELISA tests [21]. Because some cases of myxomatosis were detected during the outbreak of RHD, the authors assumed that the immunosuppressive characteristics of the myxoma virus could have increased vulnerability to RHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial impact of RHD on free-living populations is generally large since mortalities of up to 90% have been recorded in Europe and in Australia [21,26,36]. Antibodies against RHD were detected in sera collected in Europe between 1975 and1987, showing that RHDV-like viruses were already present, but simply had not been detected before the first evidence of the disease [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When RHD was suspected to be the cause of death, liver samples were tested for the presence of RHDV with HA tests [21]. For 16 samples, we also determined whether the disease was acute or chronic by calculating the amount of virus and the level of viral degradation of RHDV in the liver samples [6].…”

Section: Post-mortem Viral Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological evidence for a non-protective RHDV-like virus

et al. 2005

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-The data were recorded during a Rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreak that occurred in France in 2001 in a wild population of rabbits that we have been monitoring since 2000. These data suggested the existence of non-protective antibodies due to a putative RHDV-like virus. Twentyone blood and 22 liver samples were taken from the 26 corpses of recently dead rabbits that were found. RHDV was found in all liver samples. A first screening for RHD antibodies, carried out using an ELISA based on the detection of VP60-RHDV antigen, showed that 20 of the rabbits were seropositive. Moreover, we determined antibody titres for 13 of these 20 seropositive samples. All were ≥ 1/400. Such titres normally indicate antibody levels sufficient to confer protection to all known RHDV or RHDV-like strains. For 16 samples, we determined whether these rabbits had died of a chronic or an acute form of the disease, by employing monoclonal antibody (Mabs) -based differential ELISA. All had died of an acute form of RHD. Because the antibodies detected by this VP60-ELISA test are known to appear 5-6 days after infection and since acute RHD generally kills the rabbits 2-3 days after infection, we assumed that the detected antibodies must have been present before the exposure to the virus that killed these rabbits. A second detection of antibodies was made with Mabs that are specific for RHDV. The results were negative, showing that the antibodies detected with the VP60 ELISA test were not specific for RHDV. We sequenced a portion of the VP60 gene of viruses isolated in 17 rabbits. All RHDV isolates were very similar to the RHDV strains commonly isolated in France during this period, suggesting that this viral strain was not a putative variant that is not neutralised by antibodies. Therefore we conclude that the detected antibodies were probably due to a RHDV-like virus that induces the production of detectable but non-protective antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological evidence for a non-protective RHDV-like virus

et al. 2005

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“…Infected rabbits usually die within 48 to 72 h of necrotizing hepatitis. The disease is responsible for high economic losses in rabbitries as well as high mortality rates in wild rabbit populations (31,40,59,60). The etiological agent, RHD virus (RHDV), is a member of the Caliciviridae family (43,48) which has been designated by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as the type species of the new genus Lagovirus (51).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Transmissible Protection against Myxomatosis and Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease by Using a Recombinant Myxoma Virus

Bárcena¹,

Morales²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2000

J Virol

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We have developed a new strategy for immunization of wild rabbit populations against myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) that uses recombinant viruses based on a naturally attenuated field strain of myxoma virus (MV). The recombinant viruses expressed the RHDV major capsid protein (VP60) including a linear epitope tag from the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nucleoprotein. Following inoculation, the recombinant viruses induced specific antibody responses against MV, RHDV, and the TGEV tag. Immunization of wild rabbits by the subcutaneous and oral routes conferred protection against virulent RHDV and MV challenges. The recombinant viruses showed a limited horizontal transmission capacity, either by direct contact or in a flea-mediated process, promoting immunization of contact uninoculated animals.

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“…Infected rabbits usually die within 48-72 h, and the disease is still responsible for significant economic losses and heavy mortality among wild and domestic rabbit populations (Chasey, 1997;Marchandeau et al, 1998;Mutze et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical chemistry, haematology, immune response and histological evaluation of rabbits after immunisation and challenge with rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus

et al. 2017

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Following their immunisation and infection with a VSHI-CN-6 viral strain, a group of 15 rabbits were examined in a study of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD). Serum samples were collected from the external ear vein at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days post-immunisation. The recorded platelet numbers were closer to the lower physiological limit, indicating a mild thrombocytopenia, with values ranging from 26.6 to 30.43×10 4 /mm 3 . The phagocytic index revealed significant differences (P<0.001) between the mean values obtained before vaccination (day 0) and the 3 post-vaccination measurements, confirming the increase in phagocytic capacity after immunisation. Additionally, the serum lysozyme average value equalled 9.14 mg/mL post-vaccination. The analysis of variance revealed significant statistical differences (P<0.05) between the average values obtained before vaccination (0) and the post-vaccination values, measured on day 14 and 30, respectively. The morphology of the samples collected from the main organs involved in immune protection, spleen and gastric and portal lymph nodes highlighted changes corresponding to the post-vaccination immunological response. The white pulp of the spleen appeared as a diffuse lymphoid tissue, presenting with primary and secondary lymphoid follicles. The ratio of white/red pulp was in favour of the white pulp and multiple lymphoid follicles were present, indicating their reactivation. In the medullary area of gastric and portal lymph nodes, narrow lymphoid cords, circumscribed by relatively large lymphatic sinuses, and well defined lymphocytolysis were observed. Moreover, the exudate and lymphoid follicles during activation were noted in the cortical area. Furthermore, the inflammatory processes were identified, morphologically manifested by the thickening of connective tissue in the lymph node capsule, dilacerations of the connective fibres and the presence of light acidophilic serous exudate with rare inflammatory cells (serous lymphoreticulitis).

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Impact of Viral Hemorrhagic Disease on a Wild Population of European Rabbits in France

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Serological evidence for a non-protective RHDV-like virus

Serological evidence for a non-protective RHDV-like virus

Horizontal Transmissible Protection against Myxomatosis and Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease by Using a Recombinant Myxoma Virus

Clinical chemistry, haematology, immune response and histological evaluation of rabbits after immunisation and challenge with rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus

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