Impactos das queimadas na Amazônia no tempo em São Paulo  na tarde do dia 19 de agosto de 2019

Lemes, Murilo da Costa Ruv; Reboita, Michelle Simões; Capucin, Bruno César

doi:10.26848/rbgf.v13.3.p983-993

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Like many other regions across the planet, South America has experienced environmental changes during the twentieth century, including increasing surface temperatures (Salviano et al 2016;de Barros Soares et al 2017;Dereczynski et al 2020;Pabon-Caicedo et al 2020), shifting precipitation patterns (Espinoza et al 2019;Paca et al 2020;Marrafon et al 2020;Carvalho 2020;Giráldez et al 2020;Pabon-Caicedo et al 2020), vanishing Andean glaciers (Schauwecker et al 2014;Malmros et al 2016;Drenkhan et al 2018;Vuille et al 2018;Somers et al 2019;Masiokas et al 2020), and an increase in weather and climate extremes, such as droughts, floods, and wildfires (Barros et al 2015;Martins et al 2018;Viganó et al 2018;Cunha et al 2019;Feron et al 2019;Lemes et al 2020;Debortoli et al 2020;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of CMIP6 Performance and Projected Temperature and Precipitation Changes Over South America

et al. 2021

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We evaluate the performance of a large ensemble of Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) over South America for a recent past reference period and examine their projections of twenty-first century precipitation and temperature changes. The future changes are computed for two time slices (2040–2059 and 2080–2099) relative to the reference period (1995–2014) under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs, SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5). The CMIP6 GCMs successfully capture the main climate characteristics across South America. However, they exhibit varying skill in the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation and temperature at the sub-regional scale, particularly over high latitudes and altitudes. Future precipitation exhibits a decrease over the east of the northern Andes in tropical South America and the southern Andes in Chile and Amazonia, and an increase over southeastern South America and the northern Andes—a result generally consistent with earlier CMIP (3 and 5) projections. However, most of these changes remain within the range of variability of the reference period. In contrast, temperature increases are robust in terms of magnitude even under the SSP1–2.6. Future changes mostly progress monotonically from the weakest to the strongest forcing scenario, and from the mid-century to late-century projection period. There is an increase in the seasonality of the intra-annual precipitation distribution, as the wetter part of the year contributes relatively more to the annual total. Furthermore, an increasingly heavy-tailed precipitation distribution and a rightward shifted temperature distribution provide strong indications of a more intense hydrological cycle as greenhouse gas emissions increase. The relative distance of an individual GCM from the ensemble mean does not substantially vary across different scenarios. We found no clear systematic linkage between model spread about the mean in the reference period and the magnitude of simulated sub-regional climate change in the future period. Overall, these results could be useful for regional climate change impact assessments across South America.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of CMIP6 Performance and Projected Temperature and Precipitation Changes Over South America

et al. 2021

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“…It is known that flow at low levels (mainly 850-700 hPa) is quite significant in transporting quantities such as heat and humidity. At first it is assumed that it is also for the case of soot from forest fires as suggested in Lemes et al (2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on the case of black rain in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A synoptic point of view

Santiago

Santos²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2021

Rev. Bras. Geog. Fis.

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Particles of soot from forest fires are transported by the wind, reaching distant locations and being deposited on the soil through precipitation, which clears the atmosphere, taking suspended particulate matter into its drops. The general circulation over South America indicates the possibility of soot from forest fires in the Amazon and Pantanal to be transported to southern Brazil. The event called “black rain” was observed in the period from 11 to 13 September 2020 at São Francisco de Assis City, in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), and so this work aims to analyze if there were any anomalies of the flow that favored the occurrence of this event, given that there was a large number of fires in this period. Through ERA5 reanalysis data and GOES-16 satellite images, it was observed that on the three days under study low-level flow to the south of Brazil was more intense than normal, with the Low Level Jet occurrences, and on days 12 and 13 such flow to the south was also observed at 500 hPa. The precipitation was due to the instability of an extended trough from the Northwestern Argentinean Low. Thus, it is believed that there was a contribution from circulation at low and mid levels in the occurrence of black rain over RS.

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“…Higher concentrations of Zn were found in July and December, coinciding with the heavier traffic of light vehicles on highways due to the vacation periods in Brazil. In the dry period, biomass-burning events are more frequent, and the plumes of smoke can reach São Paulo [17,19], contributing to higher concentrations of BC and K.…”

Section: Aerosol Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plumes of biomass burning from the interior of Brazil can reach São Paulo, worsening the air quality at certain times [17,18]. In August 2019, smoke plumes reached the MASP and caused high concentrations of pollutants and poor air quality for two consecutive days [19]. Black carbon is emitted mainly by heavy vehicles in urban environments, but is also one of the main components of biomass burning aerosol [20], and can be quite harmful to human health [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization and Optical Properties of the Aerosol in São Paulo, Brazil

Vieira,

do Rosario,

Yamasoe

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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Air pollution in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), Brazil, is a serious problem and is strongly affected by local sources. However, atmosphere column composition in MASP is also affected by biomass burning aerosol (BB). Understanding the impacts of aerosol particles, from both vehicles and BB, on the air quality and climate depends on in-depth research with knowledge of some parameters such as the optical properties of particles and their chemical composition. This study characterized fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from July 2019 to August 2020 in the eastern part of the MASP, relating the chemical composition data obtained at the surface and columnar optical parameters, such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström Exponent (AE), and single-scattering albedo (SSA). According to the analyzed data, the mean PM2.5 concentration was 18.0 ± 12.5 µg/m3; however, daily events exceeded 75 times the air quality standard of the World Health Organization (15 µg/m3). The mean black carbon concentration was 1.8 ± 1.5 µg/m3 in the sampling period. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified four main sources of aerosol: heavy vehicles (42%), followed by soil dust plus local sources (38.7%), light vehicles (9.9%), and local sources (8.6%). AOD and AE presented the highest values in the dry period, during which biomass burning events are more frequent, suggesting smaller particles in the atmosphere. SSA values at 440 nm were between 0.86 and 0.94, with lower values in the winter months, indicating the presence of more absorbing aerosol.

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Impactos das queimadas na Amazônia no tempo em São Paulo na tarde do dia 19 de agosto de 2019

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Assessment of CMIP6 Performance and Projected Temperature and Precipitation Changes Over South America

Assessment of CMIP6 Performance and Projected Temperature and Precipitation Changes Over South America

Preliminary study on the case of black rain in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A synoptic point of view

Chemical Characterization and Optical Properties of the Aerosol in São Paulo, Brazil

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