Impacts of environment and antenna height on angular spread of radiowave propagation in a city street microcell

El-Sallabi, H.M.; Valnikainen, P.

doi:10.1109/aps.2000.875425

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The ESD with respect to the distance between the Tx and the Rx for the LOS scenarios are presented in Figs. [5][6]. In order to extract out the angular estimates using ISIS algorithm, approximately 15 dB dynamic range is needed, i.e., the difference between the highest peak and noise level in the IR should be at least 15 dB.…”

Section: Esd Distance Dependency Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3D extension of ITU-R channel model was proposed in [5]. However, according to the best knowledge of the author's, the majority of the existing work in the analysis of elevation domain has been focused on the macrocell environment and only a few works, e.g., [6], [7], have been concentrating on the analysis of elevation dimension in microcell. In [8], the elevation angle parameters are reported for urban microcell (UMi) but the elevation resolution is limited by the measurement data, i.e., the analysis in the elevation domain, especially at the base station (BS), is based on measurements where the number of antenna elements in the vertical domain is small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevation Analysis for Urban Microcell Outdoor Measurements at 2.3 GHz

Roivainen

Hovinen

Meinilä

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity

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This paper presents the analysis of departure elevation angles for the urban microcell radio channel measurements at 2.3 GHz. The measurements were conducted with EB Propsound CS TM for 30 x 16 antenna configuration in Oulu city center, Finland. The transmitter (Tx) antenna heights of 5 m and 10 m were used. The Tx antenna elements were arranged in the plus shape and nine antenna elements were placed with linear spacing in the vertical dimension providing high elevation resolution and an accurate elevation angle estimate for the departure angles. The measurement results indicate that the Laplacian distribution can be used for modelling the elevation angles of departure. A smaller elevation spread of departure (ESD) is observed for the higher Tx antenna height. Furthermore, a significant difference in ESDs between the line-of-sight (LOS) and the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation environments are noticed. The ESD with respect to distance is observed to follow the negative exponential model and the linear model in the LOS and the NLOS propagation environments, respectively.

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Section: Esd Distance Dependency Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation Analysis for Urban Microcell Outdoor Measurements at 2.3 GHz

Roivainen

Hovinen

Meinilä

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity

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“…The use of multiple cavities on MSCs can provide for a more complicated fading emulation. With multiple cavities, MSCs can reduce the typically high-elevation angular spread of RCs, which approaches the emulated scenario to that typically encountered in a city street microcell when the mobile station gets farther away from the base station [8]. Thus, MSCs abandon the typical Clarke's model followed by single-cavity RCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample-Selection Method for Arbitrary Fading Emulation Using Mode-Stirred Chambers

Sánchez‐Heredia

Grudén

Valenzuela-Valdés³

et al. 2010

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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Abstract-Mode-stirred chambers (MSCs) consist of one or more resonant cavities coupled in some way in order to allow the measurement of different antenna parameters such as antenna efficiency, correlation, diversity gain, or multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) capacity, among others. In a single-cavity MSC, also known as a reverberation chamber (RC), the environment is isotropic and the amplitude of the signal is Rayleigh distributed. Real environments, however, rarely follow an isotropic Rayleigh-fading scenario. Previous results have shown that a Rician-fading emulation can be obtained via hardware modification using an RC. The different methods lack from an accurate emulation performance and are strongly dependent upon chamber size and antenna configurations. With the innate complexity of more-than-one-cavity MSC, the coupling structure generates sample sets that are complex enough so as to contain different clusters with diverse fading characteristics. This letter presents a novel method to accurately emulate a more realistic Rician-fading distribution from a Rayleigh-fading distribution by selecting parts of the sample set that forms different statistical ensembles using a complex two-cavity multi-iris-coupled MSC. Sample selection is performed using a genetic algorithm. Results demonstrate the potential of MSCs for versatile MIMO fading emulation and over-the-air (OTA) testing. The method is patent protected by EMITE Ing., Murcia, Spain.Index Terms-Diversity gain, mode-stirred chamber (MSC), multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) capacity.

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“…This is modeled for microcells in [21] for different base station heights and base to mobile distances. More recently, spatial correlation is computed in [22]- [24] for the case where elevation spread is modeled at a multi-antenna receiver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio channel models for MIMO antenna systems based on ellipsoidal scattering

Krasny

Molnar

IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2004. GLOBECOM '04.

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For multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems, it is necessary to evaluate performance under realistic propagation channels that include spatial correlation and dispersion. Models developed for this purpose must have enough flexibility to handle different antenna configurations and propagation scenarios. In this paper, the recently proposed 3GPP spatial channel model is extended to three-dimensional scattering using ellipsoidal sub-regions to model time dispersion. We further develop an analytical formulation of the space-time correlation function, allowing traditional methods to generate correlated fading realizations. We show the 3-D model reduces correlation compared to 2-D propagation, and evaluate correlation properties for different antenna orientations, showing that averaging over random receive antenna orientations both reduces correlation and its dependence on the base to mobile distance.

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Impacts of environment and antenna height on angular spread of radiowave propagation in a city street microcell

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Elevation Analysis for Urban Microcell Outdoor Measurements at 2.3 GHz

Elevation Analysis for Urban Microcell Outdoor Measurements at 2.3 GHz

Sample-Selection Method for Arbitrary Fading Emulation Using Mode-Stirred Chambers

Radio channel models for MIMO antenna systems based on ellipsoidal scattering

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