Impacts of human activity and climate change on the distribution of snub‐nosed monkeys in China during the past 2000 years

Zhao, Xiaohong; Bao-ping, Ren; Garber, Paul A.; Li, Xinhai; Li, Ming

doi:10.1111/ddi.12657

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It has previously been established that human activities have had a direct impact on species distributions in China. For example, range contractions and extinctions of certain Chinese mammals have been linked to the expansion of the human population as well as intensified human activities (Li et al, ; Zhao, Ren, Garber, Li, & Li, ). These findings support the idea that anthropogenic pressures have the ability to shape species distributions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steep topography buffers threatened gymnosperm species against anthropogenic pressures in China

Jensen

Svenning

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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China is one of the most species‐rich countries in the world, harboring many rare gymnosperms. Following recent human‐led loss of forests, China is now experiencing increases in forest cover resulting from efforts of reforestation schemes. As anthropogenic activities have previously been found to interact with topography in shaping forest cover in China and considering the large human population and the ongoing population increase of the country, it is important to understand the role of anthropogenic pressures relative to environmental drivers for shaping species distributions here. Based on the well‐established relationship between human population density and topography, we propose a hypothesis for explaining species distributions in a country dominated by human activities, predicting that species are more likely to occur in areas of steep topography under medium human population densities compared to low and high human population densities. Using species occurrence data from the Chinese Vascular Plant Distribution Database along with a common SDM method (maximum entropy modeling), we tested this hypothesis. Our results show that steep topography has the highest importance for predicting Chinese gymnosperm species occurrences in general, and threatened species specifically, in areas of medium human population densities. Consequently, these species are more often found in areas of steep terrain, supporting the proposed hypothesis. Results from this study highlight the need to include topographically heterogeneous habitats when planning new protected areas for species conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steep topography buffers threatened gymnosperm species against anthropogenic pressures in China

Jensen

Svenning

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…We acknowledge that land use and anthropogenic disturbances can shape the geographic distribution and realized niche size of species (e.g., Miller & McGill, 2017;Zhao et al, 2018). Landscapes fragmented by human land use can interrupt the connectivity between habitat patches, which has consequences for the dispersal of species (e.g., Miller & McGill, 2017).…”

Section: The Potential Distribution Of Both Subspecies In the Currementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the moment, this is not easily achievable for land cover; however, climatic variables can predict reasonably. One of the potential consequences of not incorporating such variables in ENMs and SDMs is that the models may predict a larger realized niche and wider potential distribution than is reasonable (Zhao et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Potential Distribution Of Both Subspecies In the Currementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subspecies that live in different geographical locations (allopatric distribution), or in different zones along mountain slopes, may have different niches (Nakazawa et al., ; Vetaas, ). Niche is an n‐dimensional environmental space (fundamental niche) which is constricted (realized niche) by species interactions, dispersal limitations, and land use (Hutchinson, ; Sax, Early, & Bellemare, ; Zhao, Ren, Garber, Li, & Li, ). “Climatic niche” is the climatic space occupied by a species in a realized geographic distribution (Peterson et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parapatric subspecies of Macaca assamensis show a marginal overlap in their predicted potential distribution: Some elaborations for modern conservation management

Suwal

Huettmann

Regmi³

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Phylogenetic niche conservatism implies that sister taxa will have similar niches, although the niches of disjunct subspecies may evolve differently. This study uses Macaca assamensis, subspecies assamensis and pelops, to investigate the similarities of realized climatic niches of two disjunct subspecies (separated by the Brahmaputra River) along with a similarity analysis of their respective regions’ climate. Modeled distributions were used to quantify their potential distribution under current and future climate scenarios. The climatic similarity between regions of each subspecies was tested with principal component analysis (PCA), and the realized climatic niche overlap between two subspecies was tested with a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on a subset of the least correlated variables out of 24 publicly available topo‐bioclimatic variables. Tukey's honest significance difference (HSD) was used to test the range differences (on all 24 variables) between subspecies. The potential distribution of both taxa in the current climate and projected future climate was model‐predicted using MaxEnt and Random Forest. We found significantly different climatic ranges for 21 predictors (HSD; p < 0.05) for the two subspecies, significantly different climatic conditions for their regions (using PCA; p < 0.001), and significantly different realized climatic niches for the two subspecies (MANOVA; p < 0.001). The distribution models generated a larger potential area than the currently known distributions. Although literature show that the Brahmaputra River is an effective dispersal barrier, we found some of the neighboring geographic range for both subspecies appears to be potentially suitable for the other taxon. The projected future potential areas indicate that some parts of the currently occupied geography, mostly southern parts, may become climatically unsuitable, whereas other new geographical areas may become suitable. Most of these new potential areas will be toward the north where higher and fragmented mountains, which has conservation implications.

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“…, Zhao et al. ). However, it is not always clear how to integrate historical ecological data and conservation actions (Rick and Lockwood ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of historical data to improve conservation of the black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) in Northeast China

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Ecosphere

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Biological conservation requires sufficient basic data, like knowledge of the biogeographic characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics of endangered species. Reconstructing range dynamics through time and detecting their underlying causes can be helpful for present and future conservation actions. Black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) populations have declined during the late 20th century in Northeast China, but the mechanisms are still unclear. We integrated species distribution models with long-term historical ecological records to reconstruct historical distributions of black grouse in Northeast China (1950s-2000s). Then, we prioritized the landscape for species protection based on the long-term historical potential distribution to improve the conservation management of this species. The area of potential distribution was 27.01% of the total study area in the 1950s, but the potential distribution in the 2000s was 16.39% of the study area. The range loss from the 1950s to the 2000s was 160,567 km 2 , representing a 39.30% reduction. Within the study area, the species' potential distribution in the Changbai Mountains has gradually disappeared since the 1980s. Based on conservation prioritization analysis, the priority conservation area is 151,276 km 2 , which is mainly distributed in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains. National nature reserves only included 6.35% of the potential distribution of the black grouse in the 2000s. Several conservation actions should be implemented to rejuvenate black grouse populations in Northeast China.

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Impacts of human activity and climate change on the distribution of snub‐nosed monkeys in China during the past 2000 years

Cited by 37 publications

References 65 publications

Steep topography buffers threatened gymnosperm species against anthropogenic pressures in China

Steep topography buffers threatened gymnosperm species against anthropogenic pressures in China

Parapatric subspecies of Macaca assamensis show a marginal overlap in their predicted potential distribution: Some elaborations for modern conservation management

Use of historical data to improve conservation of the black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) in Northeast China

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