Impacts of mesoscale sea surface temperature anomalies on the meridional shift of North Pacific storm track

Zhang, Chao; Liu, Hailong; Li, Chongyin; Lin, Pengfei

doi:10.1002/joc.6130

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In addition, the significance of SAFZ for wintertime western Pacific jet stream (WPJS) strength variability is demonstrated using observation data and global atmospheric numerical simulations (Ren et al, 2008). C. Zhang, Liu, et al (2019) pointed out the variability of mesoscale SST in SAFZ impacts the turbulent heat fluxes out of the ocean, changing the near‐surface baroclinicity with the large‐scale zonal wind in the cold season. Albeit the subtropical frontal zone (STFZ) is weaker than SAFZ, the variability of STFZ can induce a significant atmospheric response (Kobashi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Midlatitude Atmospheric Upstream Disturbances and Oceanic Subtropical Front Intensity Variability on Western Pacific Jet Stream in Winter

Chen

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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In winter, the western Pacific jet stream (WPJS) is located at the downstream of East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) and East Asian polar front jet (EAPJ). It can be affected by sea surface temperature (SST) and has great impact on precipitation along the North American coast. Synergistic effects of midlatitude atmospheric upstream disturbances and oceanic subtropical front intensity variability on WPJS in winter are investigated in both observation and model experiments. It reveals that the strength and location of WPJS are determined by the configuration of atmospheric upstream disturbances and subtropical frontal zone (STFZ) intensity variability that exist concurrently. During the strong atmospheric upstream disturbances years, the WPJS is anchored at about 25–45°N, and its strength is enhanced (abated) by the intensified (weakened) STFZ. However, when the atmospheric upstream disturbances are weak, the intensity of STFZ changes the location of WPJS. An intensified (weakened) STFZ makes WPJS move southward (northward). Further studies show that strong atmospheric disturbances induce a wide and deep atmospheric baroclinicity anomaly zone, which makes the lower atmosphere obtain baroclinic energy from STFZ. Accordingly, the WPJS is anchored just the north of STFZ. At this time, the intensified (weakened) STFZ just increases (decreases) the upward baroclinic energy at the same position and thus the WPJS. However, with the weakened atmospheric upstream disturbances, the intensified (weakened) STFZ corresponds to an overhead narrow atmospheric baroclinicity anomaly zone, thus leading to the southward (northward) movements of upward baroclinic energy and the WPJS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Midlatitude Atmospheric Upstream Disturbances and Oceanic Subtropical Front Intensity Variability on Western Pacific Jet Stream in Winter

Chen

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Remarkable eddy-signature in salinity and chlorophyll is also found (Chelton et al, 2011;Gaube et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2021). It is also established that ocean mesoscale eddies can modulate the air temperature, wind velocity, and precipitation in the atmospheric boundary layer directly above (e.g., O'Neill, 2012;Frenger et al, 2013;Putrasahan et al, 2017;Sugimoto et al, 2017), and may even be able to change the free atmospheric circulation as well as atmospheric transient eddy activity (e.g., Ma et al, 2015Ma et al, , 2017Zhou et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2019Zhang et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…See Zhou and Cheng (2021b) for more discussions about filters. (B) Second, since large meanders of the background currents, oceanic fronts, and mesoscale eddies are all mesoscale features, spatial filtering is not efficient in separating them (Zhang et al, 2019). To alleviate this problem, elongating the filtering window in the zonal direction, say, to 15 • × 5 • , could yield some improvement, but cleaner separation could only be achieved by using eddy detection approaches (Zhou and Cheng, 2021a).…”

Section: Eddy-induced Variabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale Eddy-Induced Ocean Dynamic and Thermodynamic Anomalies in the North Pacific

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Oceanic mesoscale eddies are associated with large thermodynamic anomalies, yet so far they are most commonly studied in terms of surface temperature and in the sense of composite mean. Here we employ an objective eddy identification and tracking algorithm together with a novel matching and filling procedure to more thoroughly examine eddy-induced thermodynamic anomalies in the North Pacific, their relationship with eddy amplitude (SSH), and the percentage of variability they explain on various timescales from submonthly to interannual. The thermodynamic anomalies are investigated in terms of sea surface temperature (SST), isothermal layer depth (ITD), and upper ocean heat content (HCT). Most eddies are weak in amplitude and are associated with small thermodynamic anomalies. In the sense of composite mean, anticyclonic eddies are generally warm eddies with deeper isothermal layer and larger heat content, and the reverse is true for cyclonic eddies. A small fraction of eddies, most probably subsurface eddies, exhibits the opposite polarities. Linear relationships with eddy amplitude are found for each of the thermodynamic parameters but with different level of scatter and seasonality. HCT-amplitude relation scatters the least and has the smallest seasonal difference, ITD-amplitude relation has the largest scatter and seasonality, while SST-amplitude relation is in between. For the Kuroshio and Oyashio Extension region, the most eddy-rich region in the North Pacific, eddies are responsible for over 50% of the total SSH variability up to the intra-seasonal scale, and ITD and HCT variability up to interannual. Eddy-induced SST variability is the highest along the Oyashio Extension Front on the order of 40–60% on submonthly scales. These results highlight the role of mesoscale eddies in ocean thermodynamic variability and in air-sea interaction.

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“…Further, they indicated that these SST anomalies in the KOCR are formed through warm ocean eddies detached from the KE. Since then, several analyses have focused on mesoscale SST variations in the KE and their influence on the atmosphere (Jing et al, 2019;Kawai et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2015;Putrasahan et al, 2013;Siqueira et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2019). Of these works, Ma et al (2015) reported that mesoscale SST variability confined in the KOCR region exerts a significant distant influence on winter rainfall variability along the Northern Pacific coast of the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Kuroshio Extension Variability on the North Pacific Atmosphere and Pacific Decadal Precession

Silva

Anderson

2022

Preprint

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Recent research has revealed links between a quasi decadal mode of climate variability over the North Pacific – the Pacific Decadal Precession (PDP) – and the North Pacific’s western boundary currents extension – the Kuroshio Extension (KE). It is suggested that on decadal time scales the PDP both responds to and influences the KE variability. A question yet to be answered is whether it is the large-scale or the mesoscale variations of the KE region that influence the overlying and downstream atmosphere and hence the PDP evolution. Using high-resolution sea surface temperature data (1981-2018) from the global ocean Operational Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Ice Analysis, low resolution Extended Reconstructed SST (ERSST) version 3b data (1949-2018), geopotential height data from the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction we find that it is the large-scale variations in the KE region that correlate best with the overlying and downstream atmosphere instead of the mesoscale variations. In particular, the second mode of the large-scale KE region, which is characterized by warming (cooling) of the ocean south (north) of the KE, sets up a PDP-like north-south atmospheric pressure dipole over the North Pacific Ocean by altering the large-scale baroclinicity of the atmosphere. In turn, this enhances the overlying storm track, resulting in a downstream response over the North American continent and the formation of a subsequent east-west pressure dipole. As a result, there is a strong correlation between large-scale variations in the KE region and the evolution of the PDP over the next three years.

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Impacts of mesoscale sea surface temperature anomalies on the meridional shift of North Pacific storm track

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Synergistic Effects of Midlatitude Atmospheric Upstream Disturbances and Oceanic Subtropical Front Intensity Variability on Western Pacific Jet Stream in Winter

Synergistic Effects of Midlatitude Atmospheric Upstream Disturbances and Oceanic Subtropical Front Intensity Variability on Western Pacific Jet Stream in Winter

Mesoscale Eddy-Induced Ocean Dynamic and Thermodynamic Anomalies in the North Pacific

Influence of Kuroshio Extension Variability on the North Pacific Atmosphere and Pacific Decadal Precession

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